Diabetes Endothelial Keratoplasty Study: Methods and Impact on the Use of Corneas From Donors With Diabetes for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: Describe aims, methods, characteristics of donors, donor corneas and recipients, and potential impact of the Diabetes Endothelial Keratoplasty Study (DEKS).

Methods: The DEKS is a randomized, clinical trial to assess graft success and endothelial cell density (ECD) 1 year after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using corneas from donors with versus without diabetes in a 1:2 minimization assignment. Diabetes severity in the donor is assessed by medical history, postmortem HbA1c, and donor skin advanced glycation end-products and oxidation markers.

Safety and prescribing recommendations for verapamil in newly diagnosed pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D): The CLVer experience.

Objectives: To report the safety and side effects associated with taking verapamil for beta-cell preservation in children with newly-diagnosed T1D.

Research Design And Methods: Eighty-eight participants aged 8.5 to 17.

Use of the Community-Derived Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery Loop System in Type 2 Diabetes.

No published data are available on the use of the community-derived open-source Loop hybrid closed-loop controller ("Loop") by individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Through social media postings, we invited individuals with T2D currently using the Loop system to join an observational study. Thirteen responded of whom seven were eligible for the study, were using the Loop algorithm, and provided data.

Acute and chronic physical activity improves spatial memory in an immersive virtual reality task.

Physical activity benefits both fitness and cognition. However, its effect on long-term memory is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic exercise on long-term spatial memory for a new virtual reality task.

Effect of Verapamil on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In preclinical studies, thioredoxin-interacting protein overexpression induces pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and is involved in glucotoxicity-induced beta cell death. Calcium channel blockers reduce these effects and may be beneficial to beta cell preservation in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To determine the effect of verapamil on pancreatic beta cell function in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Near normalization of glucose levels instituted immediately after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes has been postulated to preserve pancreatic beta cell function by reducing glucotoxicity. Previous studies have been hampered by an inability to achieve tight glycemic goals.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of intensive diabetes management to achieve near normalization of glucose levels on preservation of pancreatic beta cell function in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Real-World, Patient-Reported and Clinic Data from Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Using the MiniMed 670G Hybrid Closed-Loop System.

The purpose of this study was to collect 1 year of real-world data from individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) initiating the Medtronic 670G hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system as part of usual care. We sought to expand current knowledge to understand how use of the system impacts patient-reported outcomes, in addition to clinical outcomes, for children and adults with T1D. Questionnaires were completed by the participant (and/or parent) before initiation of the 670G system (baseline) and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months from enrollment.

BMI, physical activity, and breast cancer subtype in white, black, and Sea Island breast cancer survivors.

Higher BMI, lower rates of physical activity (PA), and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer (BC) subtype are associated with poorer BC treatment outcomes. We evaluated the prevalence of high BMI, low PA level, and BC subtype among survivors with white/European American (EA) and African American (AA) ancestry, as well as a distinct subset of AAs with Sea Island/Gullah ancestry (SI). We used the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry to identify 137 (42 EAs, 66 AAs, and 29 SIs) women diagnosed with BC and who were within 6-21 months of diagnosis.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Connectomics Reveals Preoperative Neural Connectivity Changes in Children with Postsurgical Posterior Fossa Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS), characterized by loss of language and other neurological impairments within the immediate postoperative period, occurs in approximately 25% of children who undergo surgical resection of posterior fossa tumors. Diffusion tensor imaging connectomics offer promise for elucidation of pathway-level disruption in neural connectivity of patients with this disorder. We aim to determine differences in pre- and postoperative connectomics between children with PFS and children with mild or no language deficit after surgery.

Serum-Associated Antibiotic Tolerance in Pediatric Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: When grown in human serum, laboratory isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit tolerance to antibiotics at inhibitory concentrations. This phenomenon, known as serum-associated antibiotic tolerance (SAT), could lead to clinical treatment failure of pseudomonal infections. Our purpose in this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical impact of SAT in Pseudomonas isolates in hospitalized children.

Global Survey of Outcomes of Neurocritical Care Patients: Analysis of the PRINCE Study Part 2.

Background: Neurocritical care is devoted to the care of critically ill patients with acute neurological or neurosurgical emergencies. There is limited information regarding epidemiological data, disease characteristics, variability of clinical care, and in-hospital mortality of neurocritically ill patients worldwide. We addressed these issues in the Point PRevalence In Neurocritical CarE (PRINCE) study, a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.

Worldwide Organization of Neurocritical Care: Results from the PRINCE Study Part 1.

Introduction: Neurocritical care focuses on the care of critically ill patients with an acute neurologic disorder and has grown significantly in the past few years. However, there is a lack of data that describe the scope of practice of neurointensivists and epidemiological data on the types of patients and treatments used in neurocritical care units worldwide. To address these issues, we designed a multicenter, international, point-prevalence, cross-sectional, prospective, observational, non-interventional study in the setting of neurocritical care (PRINCE Study).

Alcohol and Tobacco Use in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Breast Cancer Patients, Including Sea Island African Americans: Implications for Survivorship.

Data suggest that modifiable risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco use may increase the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence and reduce survival. Female BC mortality in South Carolina is 40% higher among African Americans (AAs) than European Americans (EAs). Given this substantial racial disparity, using a cross-sectional survey design we examined alcohol and tobacco use in an ethnically diverse statewide study of women with recently diagnosed invasive breast cancer.

Determining the Joint Effect of Obesity and Diabetes on All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular-Related Mortality following an Ischemic Stroke.

Although obesity and diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, are independently associated with mortality-related events ( all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality) following an ischemic stroke, little is known about the joint effect of obesity and diabetes on mortality-related events following an ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to evaluate the joint effect of obesity and diabetes on mortality-related events in subjects with a recent ischemic stroke. Data from the multicenter Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial was analyzed for this study.

Determining the joint effect of obesity and diabetes on functional disability at 3-months and on all-cause mortality at 1-year following an ischemic stroke.

Background: Obesity and diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, are independently associated with post-ischemic stroke outcomes (e.g., functional disability and all-cause mortality).

Early tracheostomy in ventilated stroke patients: Study protocol of the international multicentre randomized trial SETPOINT2 (Stroke-related Early Tracheostomy vs. Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Neurocritical care Trial 2).

Background: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in long-term ventilated critical care patients and frequently necessary in those with severe stroke. The optimal timing for tracheostomy is still unknown, and it is controversial whether early tracheostomy impacts upon functional outcome.

Method: The Stroke-related Early Tracheostomy vs.

Effect of an ac Perturbation on the Electroosmotic Behavior of a Cation-Exchange Membrane. Influence of the Cation Nature.

The effect of an ac sinusoidal perturbation of known amplitude and frequency superimposed on the usual dc applied electric voltage difference on the electroosmotic flow through a typical cation-exchange membrane has been studied using different monovalent electrolytes. As a general trend, the presence of the ac perturbation increases the value of the electroosmotic flow with respect to the value in the absence of ac perturbation. A dispersion of the electroosmotic permeability on the frequency of the applied ac signal has been found for the three studied electrolytes, observing that the electroosmotic permeability reaches maximum values for some characteristic values of the frequency.