Evaluation of suspected urinary tract infection in ambulatory women: a cost-utility analysis of office-based strategies.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the most cost-effective strategy for managing suspected urinary tract infections in otherwise healthy adult women presenting to their primary care physician with dysuria and no symptoms or signs of pyelonephritis. Several office-based management strategies are considered: empiric therapy, use of dipstick analysis, use of complete urinalysis, and several strategies using office or laboratory cultures.

Methods: We constructed a decision tree using model probabilities obtained from the literature.

Donor site morbidity of the anterior iliac crest following cancellous bone harvest.

Anterior iliac crest donor site morbidity was analysed retrospectively at 154 sites in 137 patients who had undergone secondary bone grafting of the cleft alveolus. The applied surgical anatomy and operative technique utilizing a medially based osteoplastic flap are described. The results show a low incidence of donor site morbidity.

Oral surgery at St. Mary's Hospital, Chapelizod. A quarter century experience of day-case oral surgery.

To mark the first quarter century of the existence of the Oral Surgery unit at St. Mary's Hospital, Chapelizod, an audit was undertaken. Twenty-nine thousand, three hundred and seventy-four (29,374) entries in the operations register were analysed, examining annual totals, categories of operation, the changing patterns of anaesthesia, including cancellations on the day, and the evolution of a true day-case service.

Day case oral surgery: a review of 25 years experience at the Dublin Dental Hospital.

A retrospective analysis of the changing work-load at the Dublin Dental Hospital oral surgery day case unit was undertaken. This involved 26,697 operations performed during the 25-year period 1968-1992. The results show how the practice of oral surgery has changed over this time.

Orthopaedic surgery in Australia, 1914-1994.

The discovery of antibiotics, total joint replacement and minimally invasive surgery have changed the face of orthopaedic surgery in the last 80 years. Most of these advances have been biomechanical, but the time has come for more fundamental research into tissue biology.

Exercise and aging. Issues for the practitioner.

The elderly present the health care system with a number of challenges, the most important of which centers on the declining functional capacity associated with aging. It remains to be clarified the degree to which these changes are related to the interactions among aging, disease, illness, injury, lifestyle, genetics, and other variables. While these issues are being clarified, however, it is clear that a well-designed exercise program that is of low to moderate intensity may be the single, most cost-effective means of maintaining function.

How Exercise Can Benefit Older Patients.

In brief Physical activity has both preventive and therapeutic benefits for the frail elderly, and the ultimate goal is improved quality of life. The greatest impact on functional capacity comes from physiologic changes that affect mobility. Walking programs and flexibility and strength training can prevent muscle weakness and impaired gait and balance, which are risk factors for falls in the elderly.

[Tetanus and traditional practices in Dakar (report of 141 cases)].

In this study undertaken in the Infectious Diseases department CHU Fann Dakar, between january 1982 and december 1990 the authors report their observations about 141 cases of tetanus occurred by traditional practices: circumcision, excision, tattooing, scarification, ears piercing. The annual incidence of tetanus occurred by traditional practices was 15.6 cases.

One experience with 'lower' or 'higher' intensity stressors, respectively enhances or diminishes responsiveness to haloperidol weeks later: implications for understanding drug variability.

This laboratory has previously shown that acute exposure to a variety of brief stressful events can have a very long-lasting influence on subsequent responsiveness to pharmacological and non-pharmacological stressors. In some cases the response to these agents is enhanced, while in others it is diminished: the common denominator being that in each instance the influence of the initial stressor grows stronger with the passage of time. Here, we identify one factor that determines which time-dependent effect is manifest.

The use of two-dimensional CT reconstruction to demonstrate a vertical fracture of the condylar head.

A case of vertical fracture of the condylar head is described. The history, investigation and treatment is outlined with emphasis on the use of two-dimensional CT reconstruction to demonstrate the fracture.

Repressive coping style and anxiety in stressful dental surgery.

Elevated state-anxiety prior to oral surgery is common and is associated with increased post-operative pain. This paper presents a psychological model of predicting elevated anxiety prior to dental surgery. Elevated anxiety and intraoperative stress can be predicted by measuring trait-anxiety.

Controlled comparison of a new sublingual lormetazepam formulation and i.v. diazepam in outpatient minor oral surgery.

In a randomized, double-blind, parallel groups study, 40 patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted 3rd molar teeth received either sublingual lormetazepam 2.5 mg (n = 20) in a new cellulose wafer formulation followed at 35 min by i.v.

Comparison of midazolam by mouth and diazepam i.v. in outpatient oral surgery.

In a randomized double-blind, parallel groups study, 40 patients undergoing surgical removal of impacted 3rd molar teeth received either midazolam 15 mg orally followed at 35 min by i.v. saline, or oral placebo followed at 35 min by i.