Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition of Total Phosphorus to the Great Lakes.

Quantifying atmospheric loadings of total phosphorus (TP) to freshwater environments is essential to improve understanding of its fate and transport, and to mitigate the effects of excessive levels in freshwater ecosystems. To date, atmospheric deposition of TP in the U.S.

Strategies of blind children to achieve cognitive development. A qualitative study.

Introduction: Studying the cogni t ive development of blind children is particularly interesting in itself and because it provides intervention guidelines. The etiology of blindness is heterogeneous but this does not hinder the possibility of establishing the characteristics typical of its development. If these children acquire language at approximately 2 years, it means the last stage of sensorimotor intelligence has been achieved.

Use of negative pressure wound therapy after infection and flap dehiscence in radical vulvectomy: A case report.

Introduction: Vulvar cancer has a lower incidence in high income countries, but is rising, in part, due to the high life expectancy in these societies. Radical vulvectomy is still the standard treatment in initial stages. Wound dehiscence contitututes one of the most common postoperative complications.

An Artificial Turf-Based Surrogate Surface Collector for the Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Mercury Dry Deposition.

This paper describes the development of a new artificial turf surrogate surface (ATSS) sampler for use in the measurement of mercury (Hg) dry deposition. In contrast to many existing surrogate surface designs, the ATSS utilizes a three-dimensional deposition surface that may more closely mimic the physical structure of many natural surfaces than traditional flat surrogate surface designs (water, filter, greased Mylar film). The ATSS has been designed to overcome several complicating factors that can impact the integrity of samples with other direct measurement approaches by providing a passive system which can be deployed for both short and extended periods of time (days to weeks), and is not contaminated by precipitation and/or invalidated by strong winds.

In vivo biodistribution and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of inhaled fresh and aged cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats.

Background: Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles used as a diesel fuel additive can be emitted into the ambient air leading to human inhalation. Although biological studies have shown CeO2 nanoparticles can cause adverse health effects, the extent of the biodistribution of CeO2 nanoparticles through inhalation has not been well characterized. Furthermore, freshly emitted CeO2 nanoparticles can undergo an aging process by interaction with other ambient airborne pollutants that may influence the biodistribution after inhalation.

Oil sands development and its impact on atmospheric wet deposition of air pollutants to the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada.

Characterization of air pollutant deposition resulting from Athabasca oil sands development is necessary to assess risk to humans and the environment. To investigate this we collected event-based wet deposition during a pilot study in 2010-2012 at the AMS 6 site 30 km from the nearest upgrading facility in Fort McMurray, AB, Canada. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium deposition was (kg/ha) 1.

Spatial patterns in wet and dry deposition of atmospheric mercury and trace elements in central Illinois, USA.

An intensive 1-month atmospheric sampling campaign was conducted concurrently at eight monitoring sites in central Illinois, USA, from June 9 to July 3, 2011 to assess spatial patterns in wet and dry deposition of mercury and other trace elements. Summed wet deposition of mercury ranged from 3.1 to 5.

Investigation of mercury wet deposition physicochemistry in the Ohio River Valley through automated sequential sampling.

Intra-storm variability and soluble fractionation was explored for summer-time rain events in Steubenville, Ohio to evaluate the physical processes controlling mercury (Hg) in wet deposition in this industrialized region. Comprehensive precipitation sample collection was conducted from July through September 2006 using three different methods to evaluate both soluble and insoluble fractions as well as scavenging and washout properties of Hg and a suite of trace elements. Real-time filtration of event total precipitation revealed that 61±17% (mean±standard deviation) of Hg in wet deposition was in a soluble form.

Assessing the emission sources of atmospheric mercury in wet deposition across Illinois.

From August 4, 2007 to August 31, 2009, we collected event-based precipitation samples for mercury (Hg) and trace element analyses at four sites in Illinois (IL), USA. The objectives of these measurements were to quantify Hg wet deposition across the state, and to assess the contributions to Hg in precipitation from major local and regional emission sources. Monitoring sites were located, from north to south, in Chicago, Peoria, Nilwood, and Carbondale, IL.

Atmospheric transport of speciated mercury across southern Lake Michigan: Influence from emission sources in the Chicago/Gary urban area.

Quantifying the local and regional impacts of speciated mercury (Hg) emissions from major urban and industrial areas is critical for understanding Hg transport and cycling in the environment. The Chicago/Gary urban area is one location where Hg emissions from industrial sources are significant and the regional transport of emissions may contribute to elevated ambient Hg concentrations at downwind locations. From July to November 2007, we collected semi-continuous measurements of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg(0)), fine particulate bound Hg (Hgp), and divalent reactive gaseous Hg (RGM) in Chicago, IL and Holland, MI to characterize the impact of Chicago/Gary source emissions on Hg concentrations in southwest Michigan and to improve our overall understanding of speciated Hg transport and deposition.

Spatial patterns and temporal trends in mercury concentrations, precipitation depths, and mercury wet deposition in the North American Great Lakes region, 2002-2008.

Annual and weekly mercury (Hg) concentrations, precipitation depths, and Hg wet deposition in the Great Lakes region were analyzed by using data from 5 monitoring networks in the USA and Canada for a 2002-2008 study period. High-resolution maps of calculated annual data, 7-year mean data, and net interannual change for the study period were prepared to assess spatial patterns. Areas with 7-year mean annual Hg concentrations higher than the 12 ng per liter water-quality criterion were mapped in 4 states.

Chlorovirus-mediated membrane depolarization of Chlorella alters secondary active transport of solutes.

Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1) is the prototype of a family of large, double-stranded DNA, plaque-forming viruses that infect certain eukaryotic chlorella-like green algae from the genus Chlorovirus. PBCV-1 infection results in rapid host membrane depolarization and potassium ion release. One interesting feature of certain chloroviruses is that they code for functional potassium ion-selective channel proteins (Kcv) that are considered responsible for the host membrane depolarization and, as a consequence, the efflux of potassium ions.

Assessment of personal and community-level exposures to particulate matter among children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan, as part of Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA).

We report on the research conducted by the Community Action Against Asthma (CAAA) in Detroit, Michigan, to evaluate personal and community-level exposures to particulate matter (PM) among children with asthma living in an urban environment. CAAA is a community-based participatory research collaboration among academia, health agencies, and community-based organizations. CAAA investigates the effects of environmental exposures on the residents of Detroit through a participatory process that engages participants from the affected communities in all aspects of the design and conduct of the research; disseminates the results to all parties involved; and uses the research results to design, in collaboration with all partners, interventions to reduce the identified environmental exposures.

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies in natural hepatitis B virus infection and after immunization.

Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbant assay using a synthetic peptide analogue of pre-S2 protein, in different groups of hepatitis-B-infected subjects, including patients presenting with cirrhosis and liver cancer, and also in infants immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers, including patients with cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Anti-pre-S2 antibodies were not detected in HBsAg-positive sera during the early phase of acute hepatitis.

HBsAG positive reactivity in man not due to hepatitis B virus.

A viral infection characterised by serum HBsAg positivity with serum anti-HBc negativity has been encountered in Senegal. The infection is not associated with the presence of HBeAg, so it differs from hepatitis B virus in its core antigen, but the surface antigen of the two viruses share some epitopes. After the loss of HBsAg, neither anti-HBc nor anti-HBs becomes detectable.

Persistence of circulating complexes between HBsAg and immunoglobulin M in sera of hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients suffering from liver cirrhosis or primary liver cancer.

Complexes between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) have been detected in acute type B hepatitis. Sequential serum testing for the presence of these complexes has been shown to be the best method for predicting disease chronicity. The presence of HBsAg/IgM complexes was investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with selected sera from Senegal.

Simultaneous administration of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio and hepatitis B vaccines in a simplified immunization program: immune response to diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pertussis, and hepatitis B surface antigen.

We studied the interactions of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines used in the World Health Organization expanded programs of immunization. Three groups of Senegalese children were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (HB) alone, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-polio vaccine alone, or a combination of hepatitis B vaccine and DTP-polio vaccines simultaneously. The immune responses to HBsAg, tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and pertussis were measured after one and two vaccinations at 6-month intervals.

Simultaneous administration of diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis/polio vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine in a simplified immunization programme.

In most developing countries hepatitis B virus is endemic and prevention has to be carried out early in life and on a mass scale. In these regions, simultaneous administration of multiple antigens is normal practice. We have therefore, investigated the interaction of hepatitis B vaccine with DTP-Polio vaccine.

Second tumor in gynecological cancer.

We have searched the second tumor in a series of 695 women with gynecological cancer. We have determined with precision when the second tumor was diagnosed: during the first tumor staging (7 cases), during its treatment (3 cases) or in its follow-up (9 cases). We comment the clinical, diagnostic, histologic and prognostic circumstances of this women with multiple cancer.

[Hepatitis B and primary cancer of the liver in intertropical Africa].

During the past 15 years, a growing body of evidence incriminates hepatitis B virus as the major factor in the etiology of primary liver cancer. Epidemiological studies throughout the world reported a striking correspondence between areas where the frequency of primary liver cancer is high and where HBV infection is hyperendemic. Moreover, primary liver cancer is commonly associated with cirrhosis of the postnecrotic macronodular type.