Search for Magnetic Monopole Pair Production in Ultraperipheral Pb+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36 TeV with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC.

This Letter presents a search for highly ionizing magnetic monopoles in 262  μb^{-1} of ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collision data at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.36  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A new methodology that exploits the properties of clusters of hits reconstructed in the innermost silicon detector layers is introduced to study highly ionizing particles in heavy-ion data.

Direction of impact for explainable risk assessment modeling.

Several graphical indicators have been recently introduced to help analysts visualize the marginal effects of inputs in complex models. The insights derived from such tools may help decision-makers and risk analysts in designing interventions. However, we know little about the adequacy and consistency of different indicators.

Evaluating the Effects of Levodopa on the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series.

Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting individuals over 60 years old. The disorder is characterized by motor symptoms due in large part to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. The vestibular system, crucial for maintaining balance, may be impacted in PD, contributing to balance issues through dysfunction in the vestibulo-ocular reflex.

Artificial Intelligence Applications in Cardiac CT Imaging for Ischemic Disease Assessment.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed medical imaging by detecting insights and patterns often imperceptible to the human eye, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. In cardiovascular imaging, numerous AI models have been developed for cardiac computed tomography (CCT), a primary tool for assessing coronary artery disease (CAD). CCT provides comprehensive, non-invasive assessment, including plaque burden, stenosis severity, and functional assessments such as CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRct).

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Ultraviolet radiation vs air filtration to mitigate virus laden aerosol in an occupied clinical room.

Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUV) and 222 nm (222-GUV) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of air mixing on the effectiveness of 254-GUV, and 3) determine the relative susceptibility of ϕX174, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A(H3N2) to GUV (254 nm, 222 nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden aerosols in an occupied clinical room (sealed-low flow).

Nerves at Play: The Peripheral Nervous System in Extracranial Malignancies.

The exponential growth of the cancer neuroscience field has shown that the host's immune, vascular, and nervous systems communicate with and influence each other in the tumor microenvironment, dictating the cancer malignant phenotype. Unraveling the nervous system's contributions toward this phenotype brings us closer to cancer cures. In this review, we summarize the peripheral nervous system's contributions to cancer.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Locking up G-Quadruplexes with Light-Triggered Staples Leads to Increased Topological, Thermodynamic, and Metabolic Stability.

G-quadruplexes (G4 s) are secondary, tetraplexed DNA structures abundant in non-coding regions of the genome, implicated in gene transcription processes and currently firmly recognised as important potential therapeutic targets. Given their affinity for human proteins, G4 structures are investigated as potential decoys and aptamers. However, G4 s tend to adopt different conformations depending on the exact environmental conditions, and often only one displays the specifically desired biological activity.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus utilises intercellular connections for cell to cell spread.

The Arenaviridae family of segmented RNA viruses contains nearly 70 species with several associated with fatal haemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa, Lujo and Junin viruses. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus (LCMV) is associated with fatal neurologic disease in humans and additionally represents a tractable model for studying arenavirus biology. Within cultured cells, a high proportion of LCMV spread is between directly neighbouring cells, suggesting infectivity may pass through intercellular connections, bypassing the canonical extracellular route involving egress from the plasma membrane.

Employing synchrotron X-ray scattering and microscopy to explore microstructural mysteries in bioresorbable vascular scaffolds.

Crystal structure and morphology dictate the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of poly l-lactide (PLLA), the structural polymer of the first clinically approved bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS). New experimental methods are developed to reveal the underlying mechanisms governing structure formation during the crimping step of the BVS manufacturing process. Our research specifically examines the "U-bends" - the region where the curvature is highest and stress is maximised during crimping, which can potentially lead to failure of the device with dramatic consequences on patient life.

Search for the Exclusive W Boson Hadronic Decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ with the ATLAS Detector.

A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ, and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ is performed using up to 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products.

Induced degradation of SNAP-fusion proteins.

Self-labeling protein tags are an efficient means to visualize, manipulate, and isolate engineered fusion proteins with suitable chemical probes. The SNAP-tag, which covalently conjugates to benzyl-guanine and -chloropyrimidine derivatives is used extensively in fluorescence microscopy, given the availability of suitable SNAP-ligand-based probes. Here, we extend the applicability of the SNAP-tag to targeted protein degradation.

Impaired mitochondrial function in bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder: a case study using F-BCPP-EF PET imaging of mitochondrial Complex I.

Background: With bipolar disorder (BD) having a lifetime prevalence of 4.4% and a significant portion of patients being chronically burdened by symptoms, there has been an increased focus on uncovering new targets for intervention in BD. One area that has shown early promise is the mitochondrial hypothesis.

Give It to Me Straight Doc: A Medical Student Perspective on Effective Goal-Oriented Clinical Education.

The clinical years of medical school are a time when students navigate a new learning environment. Due to inexperience, discordance may exist between veteran attendings and students who do not have their bearings in this new setting. We propose a solution to strengthen the clinician-student relationship by promoting a culture of goal-oriented clinical education via a two-pronged approach.

Secondary vertex reconstruction with MaskFormers.

In high-energy particle collisions, the reconstruction of secondary vertices from heavy-flavour hadron decays is crucial for identifying and studying jets initiated by - or -quarks. Traditional methods, while effective, require extensive manual optimisation and struggle to perform consistently across wide regions of phase space. Meanwhile, recent advancements in machine learning have improved performance but are unable to fully reconstruct multiple vertices.

Topography of Cholinergic Nerve Terminal Vulnerability and Balance Self-Efficacy in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Postural instability and gait disturbances (PIGD) represent a significant cause of disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cholinergic system dysfunction has been implicated in falls in PD. The occurrence of falls typically results in fear of falling (FoF) that in turn may lead to poorer balance self-efficacy.

Disparities in Musculoskeletal Oncology.

Purpose Of Review: Disparities within the healthcare system serve as barriers to care that lead to poor outcomes for patients. These healthcare disparities are present in all facets of medicine and extend to musculoskeletal oncology care. There are various tenets to health disparities with some factors being modifiable and non-modifiable.

Tumor-infiltrating nerves functionally alter brain circuits and modulate behavior in a mouse model of head-and-neck cancer.

Cancer patients often experience changes in mental health, prompting an exploration into whether nerves infiltrating tumors contribute to these alterations by impacting brain functions. Using a mouse model for head and neck cancer and neuronal tracing, we show that tumor-infiltrating nerves connect to distinct brain areas. The activation of this neuronal circuitry altered behaviors (decreased nest-building, increased latency to eat a cookie, and reduced wheel running).

Combination of Searches for Higgs Boson Pair Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents results from a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair production using 126-140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. At 95% confidence level (CL), the upper limit on the production rate is 2.9 times the standard model (SM) prediction, with an expected limit of 2.