Compelling Cyclic Peptide Scaffolds for Antitubercular Action: An Account (2011-21) of the Natural Source.

Natural cyclic peptide scaffolds are indispensable in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and drug discovery platforms due to their chemical diversity, structural integrity, proteolytic stability and biocompatibility. Historically, their isolation and profound understanding of target engagement have been identified as lead pharmacophore discovery. Natural cyclic peptides are the largest class of pharmacologically active scaffold, in which most show activity against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).

Supplemental intraoperative crystalloids for pediatric postoperative nausea and vomiting-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Postoperative nausea and/or vomiting is a relatively frequent occurrence after general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Supplemental perioperative crystalloid fluid administration has been shown to have a positive effect on the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting in adults undergoing surgery. The question arises whether supplemental intraoperative intravenous fluids in pediatric patients offers beneficial results with regards to pediatric postoperative nausea and/or vomiting.

A novel tool to eradicate an ancient scourge: the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 story.

The recent detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) in London (UK) and a case of paralytic polio in New York (USA) have highlighted how the scourge of poliomyelitis has not been totally overcome and remains an international problem, not confined to Afghanistan and Pakistan (where wild-type 1 poliovirus remains endemic) or as outbreaks of circulating VDPV in countries in Africa. To address the risk of circulating VDPVs, a global collaborative effort over the past decade has enabled the development of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) that is as immunogenic as the current Sabin strain and so equally effective, while being less likely to revert to neurovirulence than Sabin oral polio vaccines. The successful development of nOPV2-the first such vaccine against type 2 poliovirus and the first vaccine ever authorised by the WHO Prequalification team through its Emergency Use Listing procedure-has led to the deployment of approximately 450 million doses of nOPV2 for outbreak control in 21 countries.

The asymmetric influence of environmental-related technological innovation on climate change mitigation: what role do FDI and renewable energy play?

This study aims to provide a new perspective on environmental studies by examining the influence of environmental-related technological innovation, foreign direct investment, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on the climate change index (CCI), a novel proxy for environmental quality indicators. From the econometric standpoint, this study employs the "non-linear autoregressive distributed lag" model and spectral causality over the period of 1999-2018 for India. The results show that positive shocks to economic growth have detrimental long- and short-term effects on environmental quality, whereas negative shocks have no effect.

Photoplethysmography-new applications for an old technology: a sleep technology review.

Unlabelled: Education is integral to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) mission. The AASM Emerging Technology Committee identified an important and evolving piece of technology that is present in many of the consumer and clinical technologies that we review on the AASM #SleepTechnology (https://aasm.org/consumer-clinical-sleep-technology/) resource-photoplethysmography.

High throughput virtual screening (HTVS) of peptide library: Technological advancement in ligand discovery.

High-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) is a leading biopharmaceutical technology that employs computational algorithms to uncover biologically active compounds from large-scale collections of chemical compound libraries. In addition, this method often leverages the precedence of screening focused libraries for assessing their binding affinities and improving physicochemical properties. Usually, developing a drug sometimes takes ages, and lessons are learnt from FDA-approved drugs.

MicroRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: A mechanistic insight.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies due to the different etiologies and genotoxic insults. The development of HCC is characterized by complex interactions between several etiological factors that result in genetic and epigenetic changes in proto-onco and/or tumor suppressor genes.

2+δ-Dimensional Materials via Atomistic Z-Welding.

Pivotal to functional van der Waals stacked flexible electronic/excitonic/spintronic/thermoelectric chips is the synergy amongst constituent layers. However; the current techniques viz. sequential chemical vapor deposition, micromechanical/wet-chemical transfer are mostly limited due to diffused interfaces, and metallic remnants/bubbles at the interface.

Outcomes of urgent coronary artery bypass grafting in patients who have recently recovered from COVID-19 infection, with a median follow-up period of twelve months: our experience.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a worldwide pandemic in 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Certain individuals are at higher risk, (age > 65 years, pre-existing lung or heart conditions, diabetes and obesity) especially those requiring cardiac surgery, including Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Here we present a case series of 11 patients, operated between April 2020 and April 2022, all of whom had recently recovered from COVID-19, who presented with unstable angina, and therefore required urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG).

Panton-Valentine leucocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus: a clinical review.

Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) is a virulence factor produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Through its cytolytic action on the cell membranes of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, PVL causes a range of pathologies collectively known as PVL-SA disease. The hallmark clinical signs of PVL-SA are recurrent boils and necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in otherwise healthy patients; however, it can lead to more severe and invasive presentations, including necrotizing haemorrhagic pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis and purpura fulminans.

Observation of WWW Production in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter reports the observation of WWW production and a measurement of its cross section using 139  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with two same-sign leptons (electrons or muons) and at least two jets, as well as events with three charged leptons, are selected. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events.

Energy mix with technological innovation to abate carbon emission: fresh evidence from Mexico applying wavelet tools and spectral causality.

The global warming issue arises from climate change, which draws scientists' attention toward cleaner energy sources. Among clean sources, renewables and nuclear energy are getting immense attention among policymakers. However, the significance of nuclear energy in reducing CO emissions has remained ambiguous, necessitating further research.

Association of Serum Hepcidin With Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the levels of serum hepcidin in women who developed pre-eclampsia with those who did not. The databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and references of retrieved articles published till September 2020 were searched with no language restriction. Mean differences in iron regulating protein (hepcidin) were compared using a random-effects model based on the level of heterogeneity.

Novel benzoxazinone derivative as potent human neutrophil elastase inhibitor: Potential implications in lung injury.

Neutrophil elastase, a powerful physiological defence tool, may serve as drug target for diverse diseases due to its bystander effect on host cells like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we synthesised seven novel benzoxazinone derivatives and identified that these synthetic compounds are human neutrophil elastase inhibitor that was demonstrated by enzyme substrate kinetic assay. One such compound, PD05, emerged as the most potent inhibitor with lower IC as compared to control drug sivelestat.

Health and household environment factors linked with early alcohol use in adolescence: a record-linked, data-driven, longitudinal cohort study.

Introduction: Early alcohol use has significant association with poor health outcomes. Individual risk factors around early alcohol use have been identified, but a holistic, data-driven investigation into health and household environmental factors on early alcohol use is yet to be undertaken.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between preceding health events, household exposures and early alcohol use during adolescence using a two-stage data-driven approach.

Role of External Stimuli in Engineering Magnetic Phases and Real-Time Spin Dynamics of Co/Mn Oxides.

Magnetism in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be easily manipulated by alloying, functionalization, external ultrafast laser pulse, strain, electric field, etc. In this work, we have performed a series of spin-resolved density functional theory calculations on 2D magnetic hexagonal transition-metal oxide alloys, CoMnO. We have explored different alloy patterns and found the most stable magnetic phases in each pattern, resulting in a stable ferromagnetic (FM) ground state depending upon the pattern.

Linking cohort data and Welsh routine health records to investigate children at risk of delayed primary vaccination.

Background: Delayed primary vaccination is one of the strongest predictors of subsequent incomplete immunisation. Identifying children at risk of such delay may enable targeting of interventions, thus decreasing vaccine-preventable illness.

Objectives: To explore socio-demographic factors associated with delayed receipt of the Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (DTP) vaccine.

Microwave Synthesized 2D Gold and Its 2D-2D Hybrids.

Xenes, i.e., monoelemental two-dimensional atomic sheets, are promising for sensitive and ultrafast sensor applications owing to exceptional carrier mobility; however, most of them oxidize below 500 °C and therefore cannot be employed for high-temperature applications.

X-ray photoemission and absorption study of the pyrochlore iridates (Eu1-xBi)IrO, 0 ⩽ ⩽ 1.

The pyrochlore iridates (Eu1-xBi)IrO(0⩽⩽1) undergo an anomalous negative lattice expansion for small Bi-doping (x⩽0.035) (region I) and a normal lattice expansion forx⩾0.1(region II); this is accompanied by a transition from an insulating (and magnetically ordered) to a metallic (and with no magnetic ordering) ground state.

Translation of 3D printed materials for medical applications.

During the past 30 years, 3D printing (3DP) technologies significantly influenced the manufacturing world, including innovation in biomedical devices. This special issue reviews recent advances in translating 3DP biomaterials and medical devices for metallic, ceramic, and polymeric devices, as well as bioprinting for organ and tissue engineering, along with regulatory issues in 3DP biomaterials. In our introductory article, besides introducing selected 3DP processes for biomaterials, current challenges and growth opportunities are also discussed.

Testing and isolation to prevent overloaded healthcare facilities and reduce death rates in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy.

Background: During the first wave of COVID-19, hospital and intensive care unit beds got overwhelmed in Italy leading to an increased death burden. Based on data from Italian regions, we disentangled the impact of various factors contributing to the bottleneck situation of healthcare facilities, not well addressed in classical SEIR-like models. A particular emphasis was set on the undetected fraction (dark figure), on the dynamically changing hospital capacity, and on different testing, contact tracing, quarantine strategies.

Binding of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis EccCb1 ATPase double hexameric ring to the EsxAB virulence factor is enhanced by ATP.

The EccC enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-1 secretion system is involved in EsxAB virulence factor secretion and offers an attractive target for antivirulence inhibitors development against M. tuberculosis. The EccCb1 polypeptide of the EccC enzyme contains two Ftsk/SpoIIIE type ATPase domains (D2 and D3) and binds to the EsxAB factor at the C-terminal region of the D3 domain.