Depression Screening and Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Depression screening among children and adolescents is controversial. In 2009, the United States Preventive Services Task Force first recommended routine depression screening for adolescents, and this recommendation was reiterated in 2016. However, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of screening were identified in the original 2009 systematic review or in an updated review through February 2015.

Accuracy of Depression Screening Tools to Detect Major Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Depression screening among children and adolescents is controversial, and no clinical trials have evaluated benefits and harms of screening programs. A requirement for effective screening is a screening tool with demonstrated high accuracy. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of depression screening instruments to detect major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents.

Sex and sexual health: A survey of Canadian youth and mothers.

Introduction: Apparent changes in adolescent sexual behaviours have led to debate in recent years. A survey on adolescent sexuality was designed to determine mainstream Canadian adolescents' current knowledge and sources of sexual health information, to identify their needs, and to understand the perceptions and the role of parents in sexual health education.

Methodology: In October 2005, on-line interviews were conducted by Ipsos Reid (Ipsos Canada) with 1171 Canadian teenagers (14 to 17 years of age) and 1139 mothers of teenagers.

The association of major depression, conduct disorder, and maternal overcontrol with a failure to show a cortisol buffered response in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy can be associated with major depression (MD) and conduct disorder (CD). Some infants of adolescent mothers are prenatally exposed to these factors, which may result in heightened risk for perturbations of their stress systems. Between 2 and 4 months, a normal shift occurs in the adrenocortical system in which we observe a marked decrease in infant cortisol response when facing mild stressors.

Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metformin for adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To determine whether metformin or placebo could, in conjunction with healthy lifestyle counseling, decrease serum testosterone levels and related aberrations in adolescents with hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Setting: Pediatric university teaching hospital.

Cortisol levels and conduct disorder in adolescent mothers.

Objective: To examine the association between cortisol levels and conduct disorder (CD) in adolescent mothers. Past research has shown that low levels of cortisol were associated with CD, particularly with its aggressive symptoms. The authors tested the hypothesis that adolescent mothers with CD would show lower levels of salivary cortisol compared to mothers without CD at 4 and 9 months postpartum.

[Diagnostic and prognostic value of additional neurologic diagnosis in alcohol withdrawal delirium].

A severe course of alcohol withdrawal has been observed in 28% of patients in a neurological intensive care unit due to complicating central nerve system (CNS) diseases. In any atypical alcoholic delirium, especially with focal neurological signs, partial seizures, or decreased level of consciousness, CNS diseases like meningoencephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage, or central pontine myelinolysis must be diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) tap. The diagnostic and prognostic value of CT scan and CSF analysis was examined in 32 persons with alcohol withdrawal syndrome or delirium tremens.

Lobular--but not periovular--inhibition of collagen deposition in the liver of S. mansoni infected mice using interferon-gamma.

Background/aims: Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) elicits antiproliferative and antifibrogenic activity in a variety of mesenchymal cells, including hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), and therefore represents a possible drug for liver fibrosis. However, IFNgamma binds to heparan sulfate, and is localized by these molecules in a restricted area within the tissue. For example, in rat liver, it has been shown that following injection, IFNgamma was concentrated in a restricted area by heparan sulfate.

Heparin decreases the blood clearance of interferon-gamma and increases its activity by limiting the processing of its carboxyl-terminal sequence.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) binds with high affinity to heparan sulfate and heparin molecules through its carboxyl-terminal domain. In vivo, IFN-gamma is eliminated from the bloodstream with a half-life (t1/2) of 1.1 min, due to binding to heparan sulfate.

Distribution of hepatic glycosaminoglycans during acute schistosomiasis: modulation by IFN gamma treatment.

An important pathological outcome of schistosomiasis is hepatic fibrosis, with a significant deposit of collagens and proteoglycans. In this study, hepatic and granuloma-associated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively at the acute stage of murine infection with Schistosoma mansoni. The effects of IFN gamma, which has been successfully used for reducing collagen deposition in the liver during schistosomiasis, were also analyzed in granulomas and the surrounding liver parenchyma.

Molecular and biochemical study of the presence and synthesis sites of methionine enkephalin-like substances in the circumoesophageal ganglia, the ovotestis and the tentacles of the snail.

In situ hybridization with an oligonucleotidic 35S-labelled probe complementary to the 388-435 coding region of rat proenkephalin mRNA seems to show a colocalization between synthesis and storage sites of methionine-enkephalin(MK)-like substances only in young cellular stages of the ovotestis and in several neurons of cerebral, parietal and pleural ganglia. No positive signal can be detected neither in pedal and visceral ganglia nor in the tentacular collar cells, in spite of previous immunocytochemical data. Radioimmunoassays carried out on acidic extracts of the same organs confirm the molecular results and lead us to conclude to the presence of substances strongly related to MK in the ovotestis as well as in the circumoesophageal ganglia (COG), and to ascertain that the MK-positive tentacular collar cells do not contain authentic MK.

[Pregnancy in a representative Swiss population (study of pregnancy and newborn infants in Aarau). 3. Diseases and drugs in pregnancy].

As part of an overall study, a cohort of 996 Swiss mothers was interviewed upon admission to the labour ward regarding illnesses, disorders and the use of drugs during pregnancy. The data are presented and compared with analogous data on the entire female population of the same age group in Switzerland, and with epidemiologic reviews of pregnancy events from other countries. Somatic illness, particularly the common cold, were reported by 55%, and complaints of a more psychosomatic character by 47%.