Structural Problems Demand Structural Solutions: Addressing Domestic and Family Violence.

Despite the global recognition of domestic and family violence (DFV) as an outcome of unequal power relations between men and women, dominant frameworks for addressing DFV do not target the structural nature of the problem. Drawing on research conducted in partnership with the Federation of Community Legal Centres in Australia, we argue that a distinction needs to be made between what is genuinely structural change and what is system reform. Using intersectional feminist and decolonial theory and praxis, we reflect on what a structural approach to DFV could look like: one that confronts and actively tries to change the structural conditions that give rise to women's individual and collective vulnerability and victimization.

Mass Spectrometric Metabolic Fingerprinting of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG)-Induced Inhibition of Glycolysis and Comparative Analysis of Methionine Restriction versus Glucose Restriction under Perfusion Culture in the Murine L929 Model System.

All forms of restriction, from caloric to amino acid to glucose restriction, have been established in recent years as therapeutic options for various diseases, including cancer. However, usually there is no direct comparison between the different restriction forms. Additionally, many cell culture experiments take place under static conditions.

Endosymbiotic Bacterial Diversity of Corn Leaf Aphid, Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Associated with Maize Management Systems.

In this study, different maize fields cultivated under different management systems were sampled to test corn leaf aphid, , populations in terms of total and endosymbiotic bacterial diversity. Corn leaf aphid natural populations were collected from traditionally managed maize fields grown under high agricultural and natural landscape diversity as well as conventionally treated high-input agricultural fields grown in monoculture and with fertilizers use, hence with low natural landscape diversity. Total bacterial community assessment by DNA sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Controlled RISC loading efficiency of miR168 defined by miRNA duplex structure adjusts ARGONAUTE1 homeostasis.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are processed from precursor RNA molecules with precisely defined secondary stem-loop structures. ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) is the main executor component of miRNA pathway and its expression is controlled via the auto-regulatory feedback loop activity of miR168 in plants. Previously we have shown that AGO1 loading of miR168 is strongly restricted leading to abundant cytoplasmic accumulation of AGO-unbound miR168.

Dual-Antigen COVID-19 Vaccine Subcutaneous Prime Delivery With Oral Boosts Protects NHP Against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge.

We have developed a dual-antigen COVID-19 vaccine incorporating genes for a modified SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-Fusion) and the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein with an Enhanced T-cell Stimulation Domain (N-ETSD) to increase the potential for MHC class II responses. The vaccine antigens are delivered by a human adenovirus serotype 5 platform, hAd5 [E1-, E2b-, E3-], previously demonstrated to be effective in the presence of Ad immunity. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with the hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD vaccine by subcutaneous prime injection followed by two oral boosts elicited neutralizing anti-S IgG and T helper cell 1-biased T-cell responses to both S and N that protected the upper and lower respiratory tracts from high titer (1 x 10 TCID) SARS-CoV-2 challenge.

A war of coefficients or a meaningless wrangle over practical unessentials?

The Reflections series takes a look back on historical articles from The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America that have had a significant impact on the science and practice of acoustics.

Intranasal plus subcutaneous prime vaccination with a dual antigen COVID-19 vaccine elicits T-cell and antibody responses in mice.

We have developed a COVID-19 vaccine, hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD, that expresses SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins with modifications to increase immune responses delivered using a human adenovirus serotype 5 (hAd5) platform. Here, we demonstrate subcutaneous (SC) prime and SC boost vaccination of CD-1 mice with this dual-antigen vaccine elicits T-helper cell 1 (Th1) biased T-cell and humoral responses to both S and N that are greater than those seen with hAd5 S wild type delivering only unmodified S. We then compared SC to intranasal (IN) prime vaccination with SC or IN boosts and show that an IN prime with an IN boost is as effective at generating Th1 biased humoral responses as the other combinations tested, but an SC prime with an IN or SC boost elicits greater T cell responses.

Elimination of hospital-acquired central line-associated bloodstream infection on a mixed-service pediatric unit.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are "never events" in U.S. healthcare.

Effectiveness of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Strain NCAIM 362 Treatments against Soil Inhabiting Larvae in Sweet Potato ( L.).

The effect of fungal entomopathogen strain NCAIM 362 against larvae in sweet potato was tested under open field conditions when crop management included compost supply and soil cover (agro-foil or agro-textile). Additionally, the effect of same strain against was compared with the effect of α-cypermethrin under greenhouse conditions. Soil microbial community using Illumina sequencing and soil biological activity were tested as possible parameter influencing effect.

Local Aphid Species Infestation on Invasive Weeds Affects Virus Infection of Nearest Crops Under Different Management Systems - A Preliminary Study.

In the present study, we conducted field surveys to detect the population density of the most important invasive weed species and their associated virus vectoring aphids in crops grown under high input field (HIF) vs. low-input field (LIF) conditions, with and without fertilizers and pesticides. The most frequent invasive weed species were annual fleabane, (L.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Influences Plant Parameters and Artemisinin Content under Different Soil Types and Cultivation Methods.

Artemisinin extracted from has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) . Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat.

In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Poplar Bud Extracts on : A New Effective Biological Method in Potato Late Blight Control.

The effect of populin extract from black poplar () on seven different late blight strains was tested under laboratory and field conditions. The growth rate of hyphae was found to be significantly lower in vitro after 3 and 4 /% populin applications. Stain M16 was resistant to populin treatment under lab conditions, however.

Discovery of BAY-985, a Highly Selective TBK1/IKKε Inhibitor.

The serine/threonine kinase TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) and its homologue IKKε are noncanonical members of the inhibitor of the nuclear factor κB (IκB) kinase family. These kinases play important roles in multiple cellular pathways and, in particular, in inflammation. Herein, we describe our investigations on a family of benzimidazoles and the identification of the potent and highly selective TBK1/IKKε inhibitor BAY-985.

Current Knowledge of the Entomopathogenic Fungal Species Sensu Lato and Its Potential in Sustainable Pest Control.

Fungal entomopathogens are gaining increasing attention as alternatives to chemical control of arthropod pests, and the literature on their use under different conditions and against different species keeps expanding. Our review compiles information regarding the entomopathogenic fungal species (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and gives account of the natural occurrences and target arthropods that can be controlled using . Taxonomic problems around species sensu lato are explained.

Bayesian decay time estimation in a reverberation chamber for absorption measurements.

This work investigates the use of the initial decay time to obtain the Sabine absorption coefficient from measurements conducted in a reverberation chamber. Due to non-uniform distribution of sound absorption in the test chamber, measured energy decay functions exhibit multiple slopes, which cannot be evaluated unambiguously using linear regression as prescribed in the current standard (ISO 354, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2003). As an alternative, this study proposes a Bayesian framework that allows estimating multiple decay parameters, hence capturing more accurately the energy decay features.

Adenoviral vector-based vaccine is fully protective against lethal Lassa fever challenge in Hartley guinea pigs.

Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), was first identified in 1969. Since then, outbreaks in the endemic countries of Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone occur on an annual basis resulting in a case-fatality rate of 15-70% in hospitalized patients. There is currently no licensed vaccine and there are limited animal models to test vaccine efficacy.

AGO-unbound cytosolic pool of mature miRNAs in plant cells reveals a novel regulatory step at AGO1 loading.

RNA interference (RNAi) is mediated by small, 20-24-nt-long, non-coding regulatory (s)RNAs such as micro (mi) and small interfering (si) RNAs via the action of ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. High-throughput sequencing of size-separated sRNA pools of plant crude extracts revealed that the majority of the canonical miRNAs were associated with high molecular weight RNA-induced silencing complexes co-migrating with AGO1 (HMW RISC). In contrast, the majority of 24-nt-long siRNAs were found in association with low molecular weight complexes co-migrating with AGO4 (LMW RISC).

Ultrasound Elastography as a Non-Invasive Method to Monitor Liver Disease in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: Updated Results.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound elastography in assessing the degree of liver disease in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of patients with SBS who underwent a liver biopsy and ARFI elastography was performed. Mean shear wave speed (SWS) and stage of fibrosis was evaluated using t-tests.

Correction: Expansion of Capsicum annum fruit is linked to dynamic tissue-specific differential expression of miRNA and siRNA profiles.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Expansion of Capsicum annuum fruit is linked to dynamic tissue-specific differential expression of miRNA and siRNA profiles.

Small regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators controlling a wide variety of physiological processes including fruit development. Data are, however, limited for their potential roles in developmental processes determining economically important traits of crops. The current study aimed to discover and characterize differentially expressed miRNAs and siRNAs in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) during fruit expansion.

Resources for the Provision of Nutrition Support to Children in Educational Environments.

The use of nutrition support outside of institutional settings has contributed to maintaining the health, well-being, and nutrition status of many medically complex children. As these children grow and enter educational settings, there is a need for awareness of the care that these children require for nutrition support therapy. This document is designed to raise awareness to these needs, provide best practice educational resources for those involved in the supervision or provision of nutrition support to children in an educational environment, and promote safe and effective care.

A pilot study of ultrasound elastography as a non-invasive method to monitor liver disease in children with short bowel syndrome.

Background: Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in determining extent of liver fibrosis in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Methods: This prospective cohort study included pediatric patients with SBS who underwent ultrasound with ARFI measurements of shear wave speed (SWS) and liver biopsy within 30days of each other between 12/2014-9/2015. The mean and median SWS were compared to the stage of fibrosis.

When Is Parenteral Nutrition Appropriate?

Parenteral nutrition (PN) represents one of the most notable achievements of modern medicine, serving as a therapeutic modality for all age groups across the healthcare continuum. PN offers a life-sustaining option when intestinal failure prevents adequate oral or enteral nutrition. However, providing nutrients by vein is an expensive form of nutrition support, and serious adverse events can occur.