Developing and applying a training needs analysis tool for healthcare workers managing snakebite envenoming: A cross-sectional study in Eswatini.

A considerable number of patients present to hospitals in Eswatini each year following bites by venomous snakes. Effectively diagnosing and treating patients with snakebite envenoming requires healthcare workers to have a variety of generic and snakebite-specific medical skills. In several countries, however, healthcare workers have been found to have limited skills in managing snakebite patients.

Installation of an Indole on the BRCA1 Disordered Domain Using Triazine Chemistry.

The functionalization of protein sidechains with highly water-soluble chlorotriazines (or derivatives thereof) using nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions has been commonly employed to install various functional groups, including poly(ethylene glycol) tags or fluorogenic labels. Here, a poorly soluble dichlorotriazine with an appended indole is shown to react with a construct containing the disordered domain of BRCA1. Subsequently, this construct can undergo proteolytic cleavage to remove the SUMO-tag: the -terminal poly(His) tag is still effective for purification.

Preferred labels and language to improve communication about lesions at low risk of progressing to cancer: qualitative interviews with patients and physicians.

Objectives: We explored how to improve communication about low-risk lesions including labels, language and other strategies.

Design: Qualitative description and thematic analysis to examine the transcripts of telephone interviews with patients who had low-risk lesions and physicians; and mapping to Communication Accommodation Theory to interpret themes.

Setting: Canada PARTICIPANTS: 15 patients: 6 (40%) bladder, 5 (33%) prostate and 4 (27%) cervix lesions; and 13 physicians: 7 (54%) cervix, 3 (23%) bladder and 3 (23%) prostate lesions.

Distributed cortical regions for the recall of people, places and objects.

Human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is recruited during multiple cognitive processes. Previously, we demonstrated regions specific to recall of people or places and proposed that the functional organization of MPC mirrors the category selectivity defining the medial-lateral axis of ventral temporal cortex (VTC). However, prior work considered recall of people and places only and VTC also shows object-selectivity sandwiched between face- and scene-selective regions.

Opposing roles for Bmp signalling during the development of electrosensory lateral line organs.

The lateral line system enables fishes and aquatic-stage amphibians to detect local water movement via mechanosensory hair cells in neuromasts, and many species to detect weak electric fields via electroreceptors (modified hair cells) in ampullary organs. Both neuromasts and ampullary organs develop from lateral line placodes, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning ampullary organ formation are understudied relative to neuromasts. This is because the ancestral lineages of zebrafish (teleosts) and (frogs) independently lost electroreception.

Plasma and salivary hormone responses to a 30-min exercise stress test in young, healthy, physically active females.

Overreaching, a consequence of intensified training, is used by athletes to enhance performance. A blunted hormonal response to a 30-min interval exercise stress test (55/80) has been shown in males after intensified training, highlighting cortisol and testosterone as potential biomarkers of overreaching. Despite accounting for ~50% of the population, studies into hormonal responses to exercise in females are lacking.

Using genomic epidemiology and geographic activity spaces to investigate tuberculosis outbreaks in Botswana.

Background: The integration of genomic and geospatial data into infectious disease transmission analyses typically includes residential locations and excludes other activity spaces where transmission may occur ( work, school, or social venues). The objective of this analysis was to explore residential as well as other activity spaces of tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks to identify potential geospatial 'hotspots' of transmission.

Methods: We analyzed data that included geospatial coordinates for residence and other activity spaces collected during 2012-2016 for the Kopanyo Study, a population-based study of TB transmission in Botswana.

Proline variants in the BRCA1 coiled-coil domain disrupt folding and binding to PALB2.

Inherited mutations in the genes coding for the tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1 and PALB2 can lead to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Upon DNA damage, these two proteins form a complex to promote double-stranded break repair via homologous recombination. Missense mutations in either BRCA1 or PALB2 that disrupt this important interaction result in loss of effective DNA damage repair and are associated with breast tumorigenesis.

Screening of a kinase inhibitor library identified novel targetable kinase pathways in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive breast cancer subtype that is challenging to treat due to inherent heterogeneity and absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. Kinase signaling networks drive cancer growth and development, and kinase inhibitors are promising anti-cancer strategies in diverse cancer subtypes. Kinase inhibitor screens are an efficient, valuable means of identifying compounds that suppress cancer cell growth in vitro , facilitating the identification of kinase vulnerabilities to target therapeutically.

Therapeutic nipple-sparing mastectomy: a scoping review of oncologic safety and predictive factors for in-breast recurrence.

Breast cancer is a common disease, with mastectomy remaining necessary in a proportion of patients. Nipple-sparing mastectomy with reconstruction improves cosmesis compared with traditional nipple-sacrificing techniques. However, concerns regarding increased rates of local recurrence in the retained skinfold and nipple-areolar complex exist.

Pediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures With Elbow Dislocation: Revisiting the Song Classification of the Most Severe Injuries.

Introduction: Lateral condyle fractures are the second most common pediatric elbow fracture and are at risk for malunion, nonunion or avascular necrosis. The Song or Jakob classification guides management and risk of complications. However, many lateral condyle fractures have accompanying bony or soft tissue injuries, including elbow dislocations, which are not represented in the current Song or Jakob classification systems.

Distortions to Passage of Time Judgements (POTJ) due to virtual threat are predicted by autonomic activation.

Humans' sense of the passage of time is subjective and determined by psychophysiological responses to the environment. The passing of time has been perceived to significantly slow in stressful situations, such as accidents or virtual threats. The current study will explore distortions in the perception of passage of time when threat is simulated using virtual reality (VR).

Key Insights for the Ethical and Appropriate Use of Artificial Intelligence by Medical Learners.

Introduction: The rapid advancement and adoption of large language models (LLMs) in various academic domains necessitate an examination of their role in scholarly works by medical learners.This paper seeks to discern the implications of LLM use by medical learners when preparing works for publication. While LLMs possess great potential to revolutionize the academic writing process, they can detract from the learning process when used by students and residents who are still learning how to research, formulate ideas, and write cohesive arguments.

Evaluating the Utility of ChatGPT in Diagnosing and Managing Maxillofacial Trauma.

Maxillofacial trauma is a significant concern in emergency departments (EDs) due to its high prevalence and the complexity of its management. However, many ED physicians lack specialized training and confidence in handling these cases, leading to a high rate of facial trauma referrals and increased stress on consult services. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in large language models such as ChatGPT, have shown potential in aiding clinical decision-making.

Prospective association between food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis in infancy and constipation after age 3.

We sought to prospectively evaluate whether food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) during infancy is associated with increased constipation later in childhood. Using the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Allergic Proctocolitis (GMAP) cohort, we reviewed charts of children with prospective parent-reported constipation after age 3 to confirm the diagnosis of constipation. A diagnosis of FPIAP was based on pediatrician diagnosis and required guaiac-positive or grossly bloody stools, as previously published.

The effect of a poly-herbal plant extract on the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to tooth enamel.

Background: Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavity formation, is one of the world's most widespread dental conditions. It is a plaque-related infection caused mainly by Streptococcus mutans. People have relied on several plant species to treat oral infections; Heteropyxis natalensis, for example, has been used to treat toothache and gum infections.

The biological effects of copper alloying in Zn-based biodegradable arterial implants.

Biodegradable metals based on zinc are being developed to serve as temporary arterial scaffolding. Although the inclusion of copper is becoming more prevalent for grain refinement in zinc alloys, the biological activity of the copper component has not been well investigated. Here, two ZnCu alloys (0.

Hips Do Not Lie: Atypical Pain From Peripartum Pubic Symphysis Diastasis.

Pubic symphysis diastasis (PSD) is the widening of the pubic symphysis which can occur during the peripartum period. PSD commonly presents as pelvic pain with associated neuropathies rarely reported. In this report we describe the unique presentation of PSD with associated motor and sensory deficits in a 19-year-old postpartum patient.

A Novel Machine Learning Model to Predict Revision ACL Reconstruction Failure in the MARS Cohort.

Background: As machine learning becomes increasingly utilized in orthopaedic clinical research, the application of machine learning methodology to cohort data from the Multicenter ACL Revision Study (MARS) presents a valuable opportunity to translate data into patient-specific insights.

Purpose: To apply novel machine learning methodology to MARS cohort data to determine a predictive model of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (rACLR) graft failure and features most predictive of failure.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Imaging lung tumor motion using integrated-mode proton radiography-A phantom study towards tumor tracking in proton radiotherapy.

Background: Motion of lung tumors during radiotherapy leads to decreased accuracy of the delivered dose distribution. This is especially true for proton radiotherapy due to the finite range of the proton beam. Methods for mitigating motion rely on knowing the position of the tumor during treatment.