Glucanase gene diversity in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

A number of bacteria and eukaryotes produce extracellular enzymes that degrade various types of polysaccharides including the glucans starch, cellulose and hemicellulose (xylan). The similarities in the modes of expression and specificity of enzyme classes, such as amylase, cellulose and xylanase, suggest common genetic origins for particular activities. Our determination of the extent of similarity between these glucanases suggests that such data may be of very limited use in describing the early evolution of these proteins.

The use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to detect peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement of a diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphoma.

Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we were able to characterize the phenotype of a diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphoma and to isolate subpopulations of cells from the blood and bone marrow that expressed the malignant phenotype even though the patient exhibited no absolute lymphocytosis. Because the circulating clone reacted with the anti-T cell monoclonal antibody T101, we initiated serotherapy with T101 as part of a phase I study. A 10 mg infusion of T101 resulted in the rapid clearance of normal T cells from circulation, but the clone showed evidence of modulation and was not cleared.

The chick oviduct in tissue culture. II. Estrogen affects ovalbumin synthesis differently than oviduct cell proliferation.

The addition of estradiol alone to oviduct cell cultures was sufficient to induce ovalbumin synthesis, detectable both by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized protein. Most cells stained positively for ovalbumin indicating that the culture conditions promoted the growth of the ovalbumin synthesizing tubular gland cells relative to other cell types. The rate of ovalbumin synthesis was lower than that expected in vivo but as high as or higher than that found in organ culture.

Nematode population and community dynamics in soybean-wheat cropping and tillage regimes.

The nematode community structures of various soybean-wheat regimes and of a single-cropped, conventionally tilled soybean regime were studied at two sites in Tennessee. Each of the 100 nematode species identified in the study was placed in one of five trophic groups, the most diverse being plant parasites (31 species), followed by Dorylaimida (26 species), bacterivores (23 species), fungivores (15 species), and predators (5 species). No significant differences in overall diversity and dominance among treatments and trophic groups were found.

The genetic control of grain esterases in hexaploid wheat : 1. Allelic variation.

Analysis of grain esterase isozymes in Chinese Spring aneuploid genotypes by IEF confirmed that genes on the long arms of chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D (Est-5) control the production of 19 isozymes. Allelic variants have been found for the isozyme pattern controlled by each chromosome. Segregational data involving null alleles and complex phenotypic differences indicate that the wheat grain esterases are encoded by three compound and probably homoeoallelic loci, each capable of producing at least six different isozymes.

Comparison of human and siamang ABH and MN blood groups using monoclonal antibodies.

Comparison of human and siamang ABHIi and MNSs blood groups using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-modified erythrocytes showed a different organization of ABHIi in the siamang, and a greatly altered expression of the sialoglycoproteins that express MNSs. While several monoclonal antibodies to human MNSs sialoglycoproteins failed to agglutinate siamang erythrocytes, MoAb145, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with the MN sialoglycoprotein, agglutinated siamang erythrocytes to almost the same titer as human red blood cells. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in seroprimatology.

Altered cell surface antigen expression in bladder carcinoma detected by a new hemagglutinating monoclonal antibody.

A hemagglutinating monoclonal IgM antibody (MoAb145) was produced against a high incidence red blood cell membrane antigen. By the specific red cell adherence test, the antibody also reacted with human bladder epithelium; in addition, expression of the MoAb145 antigen was lost in some cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in a manner similar to the ABH blood group. Hemagglutination studies with a panel of erythrocytes lacking specific high incidence red blood cell membrane antigens indicated that MoAb145 did not recognize ABH specificity but rather a determinant absent from rare MN variant erythrocytes, including En(a-) erythrocytes, which lack glycophorin-alpha.

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody that reacts with an activation antigen on human B cells: reactions on mitogen-stimulated blood lymphocytes and cells of normal lymph nodes.

We describe a monoclonal antibody that reacts with human B-lymphoid cells. We have characterized the reactions of this antibody on normal blood lymphocytes, with and without pokeweed mitogen stimulation, bone marrow lymphocytes, and on frozen sections of normal lymph nodes. The antibody, B532, appears to recognize an activation antigen on human B cells.

Analysis of B-cell antigens in normal reactive lymphoid tissue using four B-cell monoclonal antibodies.

Lymph nodes from 13 cases of reactive hyperplasia were examined with four different monoclonal antibodies to B cells. B-1 recognizes an antigen of 30,000 daltons on B cells. CB-2 was prepared with normal spleen and binds to a glycolipid.

Monoclonal antibodies to murine leukemia virus gp 70 recognize the same T lymphoma cell surface molecules as anti-immunoglobulin.

Chicken antisera to mouse immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) detect molecules on T lymphocytes of mice consisting of "heavy chains" similar in size to IgM mu chains and "light chains" similar in size to lambda or kappa chains. Because these T cell-derived proteins react with anti-Ig and are composed of Ig-like heavy and light chains, these molecules have been viewed as candidates for "IgT," the putative T lymphocyte receptor for antigen. We have demonstrated, by immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gel analysis, that the lymphoma surface molecule precipitated by chicken anti-Ig is identical to the viral 70,000 dalton glycoprotein (gp 70) expressed by that lymphoma and is unassociated with any "light chain" or equivalent.

Amplification of the murine leukemia virus Mr 70,000 glycoprotein gene product by human xenografts in athymic mice.

Passage of human tumors in athymic mice is accompanied by an increase in serum levels of the Mr 70,000 murine leukemia virus envelope protein, gp70. Elevated levels of gp70 can be detected in tissues of the hematopoietic systems of mice bearing human xenografts, but there is no evidence of synthesis of gp70 in these tissues. By far, the highest concentration of gp70 is in the human xenografts themselves.

The genetics of β-amylase isozymes in wheat : 1. Allelic variation among hexaploid varieties and intrachromosomal gene locations.

Thirty-three β-amylase isozymes were separated in 'Chinese Spring' by IEF and the structural genes encoding seventeen of these were located by nullisomic analysis. The locations of the previously reported β-Amy-1 loci on chromosome arms 4Aβ (β-Amy-A1) and 4DL (β-Amy-D1) were confirmed and another set, β-Amy-2, was found on the group 5 chromosomes. A locus on 5AL (β-Amy-A1) was identified by nullisomic analysis and another on chromosome 5B (β-Amy-B2) was identified by analysis of inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines.

Murine T-lymphoma 'immunoglobulin' is identical to leukemia virus gp 70.

We have used chicken anti-mouse immunoglobulin antiserum to precipitate molecules from mouse T-lymphoma cells that had been radioiodinated. We analysed the immunoprecipitates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared the results with immunoprecipitates generated by other antisera. We found that the molecule precipitated by chicken anti-mouse immunoglobulin from T-lymphoma cells was identical to the mouse leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein (gp 70) produced by the T-lymphoma.

Induction of sarcomas in athymic mice.

During the course of serial passage of 50 human xenografts in the athymic mouse over a period of 5 years we have observed two cases of induction of sarcomas in the murine stromal tissue associated with the human xenografts. Both times the growth of the murine sarcomas overtook that of the human xenograft. This change was monitored by analysis of the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme profile and histology of each passage of the human xenografts in the athymic mice.

Membrane antigen on Epstein--Barr virus-infected human B cells recognized by a monoclonal antibody.

This paper describes a monoclonal antibody (B532) that detects a membrane antigen present on greater than or equal to 95% of the B cells from lines carrying the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome. Evidence suggesting that B532 is EBV-related was originally obtained by using a cell-binding radioassay with different cell line substrates. Immunofluorescence and cell-sorter analysis confirmed that the antigen was present in high density on all EBV-infected lymphoblastoid B-cell lines, but not on EBV-negative B-, T-, myeloid, or null cell lines.

Induction of lymphoma in antigenically stimulated athymic mice.

Athymic mice infected with pinworms or carrying human tumor xenografts frequently develop a lymphoproliferative disorder which eventually leads to lymphoma. By immunofluorescent analysis of involved tissues, the lymphomas appear to be mixtures of null cells, B-cells, and T-cells. When each lymphoma is established in tissue culture, a predominant cell type grows out.

Induction of T- and B-lymphocyte responses in antigenically stimulated athymic mice.

Antigenic stimulation of athymic mice on the BALB/c background by infection with the pinworms Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata or by xenografts of human tumors induced a proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes and occasional germinal center formation. The proliferating T-lymphocytes showed greater fluorescence per cell than the Thy 1-positive cells from unstimulated athymic mice when examined by cytofluorography using anti-Thy 1 antiserum. The proliferating T-lymphocytes were shown to be functional by their ability to help mount an in vivo antibody response to sheep erythrocytes and other thymus-dependent antigens.

The A.D.A. role delineation for the field of clinical dietetics: 2. Methodology and summary of results.

Drawing upon the experience of previous contractors with the Division of Associated Health Professions, A.D.A.

The A.D.A. role delineation for the field of clinical dietetics: 1. Philosophical overview and historical background.

"Role delineation" involves identifying responsibilities and supporting skill and knowledge components which must be demonstrated by practitioners as they deliver quality services. As part of its efforts to meet demands for competent clinical dietetic practitioners, the American Dietetic Association conducted a role delineation study for entry-level clinical dietetic personnel. A.