The effect of COVID-19 on self-reported safety incidents in aviation: An examination of the heterogeneous effects using causal machine learning.

Introduction: Disruptions to aviation operations occur daily on a micro-level with negligible impacts beyond the inconvenience of rebooking and changing aircrew schedules. The unprecedented disruption in global aviation due to COVID-19 highlighted a need to evaluate emergent safety issues rapidly.

Method: This paper uses causal machine learning to examine the heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 on reported aircraft incursions/excursions.

The effects of air transport mobility and global connectivity on viral transmission: Lessons learned from Covid-19 and its variants.

We investigate the impact of air travel mobility and global connectivity on viral transmission by tracing the announced arrival time of COVID-19 and its major variants in countries around the world. We find that air travel intensity to a country, "effective distance" as measured by international air traffic, is generally a significant predictor for the announced viral arrival time. The level of healthcare infrastructure in a country is less important at predicting the initial transmission and detection time of a virus.

Estimating willingness-to-pay for a livestock vaccine among the marginalized: The role of reflective thought in discrete choice experiments.

The management of livestock diseases transmission is dependent on the effectiveness of livestock health institutions, livestock disease monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and the management of livestock markets. The relative weakness of such institutions and mechanisms in Low-Middle Income Countries increases the importance of livestock owners' livestock disease prevention choices. Understanding private demand for preventative disease measures is, therefore, all the more important.

Influence of Brassica spp. rapeseed and canola meal, and supplementation of bioactive compound (AITC) on growth performance, intestinal-permeability, oocyst shedding, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression of broilers challenged with E. maxima.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima.

Boron-Doped Edges as Active Sites for Water Adsorption in Activated Carbons.

Investigating the surface properties of heteroatom-doped carbon materials is essential because these versatile materials have found use in a variety of energy and environmental applications; an understanding of these properties would also lead to an improved appreciation of the direct interaction between the reactant and the functionalized surface. Herein, we explore the effect of boron (B) doping on the surface properties of activated carbon (AC) materials based on their water adsorption behavior and oxygen reduction reaction. In the high-temperature B doping process, B-doped AC materials at 1400 °C exhibit an open pore structure with B-O bonds, whereas at a temperature of 1600 °C, a nonporous structure containing a large amount of B-C bonds prevails.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

Clinical Usefulness of PRECISE-DAPT Score for Predicting Bleeding Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Analysis From the SMART-DATE Randomized Trial.

Background: Although the current guidelines endorse the PRECISE-DAPT score (Predicting Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy) to inform clinical decisions regarding duration of DAPT in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, use of the PRECISE-DAPT score to guide duration of DAPT has not been properly validated by randomized trials focused on the population with acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the PRECISE-DAPT score for predicting future bleeding and ischemic events and to compare clinical outcomes of short-term and long-term DAPT duration according to the PRECISE-DAPT score in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: This was a substudy of the SMART-DATE trial (6- Versus 12-Month or Longer Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome), in which patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to either 6- (n=1357) or 12-month or longer DAPT (n=1355).

Training for Walking Efficiency With a Wearable Hip-Assist Robot in Patients With Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Purpose- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gait training with a newly developed wearable hip-assist robot on locomotor function and efficiency in patients with chronic stroke. Methods- Twenty-eight patients with stroke with hemiparesis were initially enrolled, and 26 patients completed the randomized controlled trial (14 in the experimental and 12 in the control groups). The experimental group participated in a gait training program over a total of 10 sessions, including 5 treadmill sessions and 5 over-ground gait training sessions while wearing a hip-assist robot, the Gait Enhancing and Motivating System (GEMS, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea).

International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci.

The risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified. In a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls we conduct a genome-wide association study of PTSD. We demonstrate SNP-based heritability estimates of 5-20%, varying by sex.

Ischemic Diffusion Lesion Reversal After Endovascular Treatment.

Background and Purpose- Several studies have reported partial reversal of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions after acute stroke reperfusion treatment. However, factors associated with DWI reversal have not yet been systematically investigated. We evaluated the factors associated with DWI reversal after endovascular treatment (EVT).

Clinical response and pharmacokinetics of bendamustine as a component of salvage R-B(O)AD therapy for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Background: A relatively high proportion of patients diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma will experience recurrent disease, yet therapy options are limited in salvage therapy. This is the first study to evaluate a bendamustine-based combination regimen for the treatment of relapsed/refractory PCNSL and to characterize bendamustine pharmacokinetics in the human CSF.

Methods: Patients received bendamustine 75 mg/m for two days as part of R-B(O)AD administered intravenously every 4 weeks for up to 4 cycles.

Explicit role of ionic strength in retention behavior of polystyrene latex particles in sedimentation field-flow fractionation: Slip boundary model.

We investigate an explicit role of the ionic strength in the retention behaviors of polystyrene (PS) latex particles in sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) by hinging upon the retention theory recently developed [1] asR=(R+v)/(1+v). Here R is an experimental retention ratio, and R is the analytical expression of the standard retention theory based on the parabolic flow velocity. The reduced boundary velocityv is expressed in terms of the ionic strength I of the carrier liquid as v=v/(1+εI), where v=0.

Efficacy and safety of vitamin D B.O.N intramuscular injection in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency.

Objective: There has been no prospective study that examined intramuscular injection of high-dose vitamin D in Korean adults. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D after intramuscular injection in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency.

Method: This study was a 24-week, prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

c-Kit-positive cardiac stem cells nested in hypoxic niches are activated by stem cell factor reversing the aging myopathy.

Rationale: Hypoxia favors stem cell quiescence, whereas normoxia is required for stem cell activation, but whether cardiac stem cell (CSC) function is regulated by the hypoxic/normoxic state of the cell is currently unknown.

Objective: A balance between hypoxic and normoxic CSCs may be present in the young heart, although this homeostatic control may be disrupted with aging. Defects in tissue oxygenation occur in the old myocardium, and this phenomenon may expand the pool of hypoxic CSCs, which are no longer involved in myocyte renewal.