The feasibility of high-resolution organ-axial T2-weighted MRI when combined with federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) classification of uterine fibroid patients.

Purpose: Correctly classifying uterine fibroids is essential for treatment planning. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of the FIGO classification system in categorizing uterine fibroids via organ-axial T2WI and to further investigate the factors associated with uterine compression.

Methods: A total of 130 patients with ultrasound-confirmed fibroids were prospectively enrolled between March 2023 and May 2024.

Systemic Sodium Iodate Injection as a Model for Expanding Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has limited treatment options. This study introduces a novel mouse model featuring an expanding GA patch that can be used to test mechanisms and therapeutics.

Methods: C57Bl/6J male mice (n = 96) aged 9-10 weeks received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 20 mg/kg sodium iodate (NaIO3).

Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing' score in United States Medical Licensing Examination style questions. However, challenges remain in long-form medical question answering and handling real-world workflows. Here, we present Med-PaLM 2, which bridges these gaps with a combination of base LLM improvements, medical domain fine-tuning and new strategies for improving reasoning and grounding through ensemble refinement and chain of retrieval.

A new class of penicillin-binding protein inhibitors to address drug-resistant .

β-Lactams are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections because of their proven track record of safety and efficacy. However, susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics is continually eroded by resistance mechanisms. Emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains possessing altered alleles (encoding PBP2) pose a global health emergency as they threaten the utility of ceftriaxone, the last remaining outpatient antibiotic.

Association between clinical-biological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 28-day mortality in patients with bloodstream infection.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (KP BSI) is a severe clinical condition characterized by high mortality rates. Despite the clinical significance, accurate predictors of mortality in KP BSI have yet to be fully identified.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 90 cases of KP BSI.

Associated Factors of Long-Term Functional Outcome and Recovery Pattern After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Population-Based Study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Background: Long-term patterns of functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not been well elucidated in population-based studies from low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to define long-term functional outcomes, associated prognostic factors, and recovery patterns for patients with acute ICH.

Methods: We conducted a prospective population-based stroke incidence study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, with prospective follow-up.

High Shear Stress Reduces ERG Causing Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Computational modeling indicated that pathological high shear stress (HSS; 100 dyn/cm) is generated in pulmonary arteries (PAs; 100-500 µm) in congenital heart defects causing PA hypertension (PAH) and in idiopathic PAH with occlusive vascular remodeling. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a feature of PAH. We hypothesize that HSS induces EndMT, contributing to the initiation and progression of PAH.

[Biomechanical study of screw implant angle in reconstruction of tibiofibular syndesmosis injury].

Objective: To investigate ideal screw implant angle in reconstruction of tibiofibular syndesmosis injury by using a biomechanical test.

Methods: A total of 24 ankle specimens from adult cadavers were used as the tibiofibular syndesmosis injury model. According to the angle of screw placement, the tibiofibular syndesmosis injury models were randomly divided into groups A (0°), B (10°-15°), C (20°-25°), and D (30°-35°), and the screws were placed at a level 2 cm proximal to the ankle joint.

Comparative Study on the Antioxidative Effects and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential In Vitro among Ellagic Acid and Its Metabolites Urolithins.

The current study compared the radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibition potentials of ellagic acid (EA) and its metabolites, urolithins (Uros), and further explored the structure-activity relationship. The outcomes indicated that urolithin M5 (Uro-M5), EA, and urolithin M6 (Uro-M6) exhibited superior 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity; EA and urolithin D (Uro-D) expressed better ABTS scavenging ability, and EA and Uro-M5 showed preferable α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results of CD spectra and fluorescence spectral analysis explained the interaction between Uros and α-glucosidase.

Discovery of potent dihydro-oxazinoquinolinone inhibitors of GuaB for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease, and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). More than 1 billion people worldwide are thought to harbor an M.

Genome-wide characterization of the DIR gene family in sesame reveals the function of SiDIR21 in lignan biosynthesis.

Furofuran-type lignans, mainly sesamin and sesamolin, are the most representative functional active ingredients in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Their exceptional antioxidant properties, medicinal benefits, and health-promoting functions have garnered significant attention.

Single phage proteins sequester signals from TIR and cGAS-like enzymes.

Prokaryotic anti-phage immune systems use TIR and cGAS-like enzymes to produce 1''-3'-glycocyclic ADP-ribose (1''-3'-gcADPR) and cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and cyclic trinucleotide (CTN) signalling molecules, respectively, which limit phage replication. However, how phages neutralize these distinct and common systems is largely unclear. Here we show that the Thoeris anti-defence proteins Tad1 and Tad2 both achieve anti-cyclic-oligonucleotide-based anti-phage signalling system (anti-CBASS) activity by simultaneously sequestering CBASS cyclic oligonucleotides.

Regulating lipid metabolism in osteoarthritis: a complex area with important future therapeutic potential.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), which is characterized by pain, inflammation and pathological changes, is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Extensive studies have been conducted on the potential functions of lipids including cholesterol, fatty acids (FAs) and adipokines.

Materials And Methods: By searching and screening the literature included in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2024, providing an overview of research conducted on lipid metabolism and OA in the last 5 years.

A highly potential Zn biofortification tool: MTP1 in Triticum aestivum.

TaMTPs belong to metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) family in common wheat and have significant potential to address the "hidden hunger" caused by inadequate dietary intake of a key micronutrient (Zn). In this study, a total of 33 MTP members in Triticum aestivum were identified, among which six TaMTP1-likes were closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana MTP1 and were designated as TaMTP1-A/B/D and TaMTP1.1-A/B/D.

Inflammasome activation aggravates choroidal neovascularization.

Inflammasome activation is implicated in diseases of aberrant angiogenesis such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), though its precise role in choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a characteristic pathology of advanced AMD, is ill-defined. Reports on inhibition of inflammasome constituents on CNV are variable and the precise role of inflammasome in mediating pathological angiogenesis is unclear. Historically, subretinal injection of inflammasome agonists alone has been used to investigate retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) degeneration, while the laser photocoagulation model has been used to study pathological angiogenesis in a model of CNV.

Differential Selectivity of Human and Mouse ABCC4/Abcc4 for Arsenic Metabolites.

Millions of people globally are exposed to the proven human carcinogen arsenic at unacceptable levels in drinking water. In contrast, arsenic is a poor rodent carcinogen, requiring >100-fold higher doses for tumor induction, which may be explained by toxicokinetic differences between humans and mice. The human ATP-binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) transporter hABCC4 mediates the cellular efflux of a diverse array of metabolites, including the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of the highly toxic monomethylarsonous acid (MMA), monomethylarsenic diglutathione [MMA(GS)], and the major human urinary arsenic metabolite dimethylarsinic acid (DMA).