Parvalbumin interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex exhibit distinct processing patterns for fear and memory in rats.

The anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for multiple cognitive functions like fear, pain management, decision-making, risk and reward assessment, and memory consolidation. However, its cell-type-specific functions are not clearly understood. To reveal the selective functional role of Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the ACC, we knocked down (KD) the PV gene in-vivo in rats.

High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis.

Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda class III or IV) carry a 10-40% risk of malignancy. Diagnostic lobectomies are frequently performed but negative surgeries incur unnecessary costs on the healthcare system, potential complications, and negative impacts on quality of life. Molecular tests (MTs) have been developed to reduce unnecessary surgeries.

Potential associations between altered brain function, cognitive deficits and gene expressing profiles in bipolar disorder across three clinical stages.

Aims: We aimed to determine the relationship between altered brain imaging characteristics, cognitive function and profiles of gene expression of bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was presented in three groups of BD participants (depressed, manic and euthymic) and healthy controls. Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and region of interest based functional analysis combining with neuroimaging-transcription association analysis were utilized to investigate abnormalities and their correlation with clinical symptoms.

Reaccreditation and Pathways Recognition Experiences of Small Local and Tribal Health Departments.

Context: This paper describes experiences and views of leadership teams from 4 small local health departments (LHDs) seeking Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) reaccreditation or Pathways Recognition using PHAB Standards & Measures Version 2022. The Pathways program launched in 2022 provides additional supports for improvement of public health practice.

Objective: Given the need to accelerate accreditation among small health departments, the purpose of this study is to share small health departments' strategies for overcoming accreditation challenges and actionable advice for use by other health departments.

Public Health Accreditation Board Accreditation and Pathways Recognition Among Small Health Departments: Motivation, Communication, and Celebration.

This paper explores how small local health departments (LHDs) motivated staff members, communicated progress toward Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation or Pathways Recognition, and celebrated interim and final accreditation accomplishments. Qualitative key informant interviews were conducted with 22 employees and affiliates of 4 LHDs with jurisdiction populations <50 000. LHDs motivated staff through ownership, creative strategies to monitor and record progress, and meaningful no- or low-cost incentives.