Clostridioides difficile toxin is infrequently detected in inflammatory bowel disease and does not associate with clinical outcomes.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates and outcomes can vary based on differences in testing strategy. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of toxin detection in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when compared to those without IBD. Secondly, the clinical outcomes of CDI in IBD were assessed using two-step testing strategies.

Changing Epidemiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in the Last Decade: A Nationwide Analysis.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) is common and carries substantial mortality requiring frequent hospitalizations.

Aim: To investigate trends in etiology and outcome of UGIH in hospitalized patients in the USA.

Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012 was carried out.

Trends in Pneumonia Mortality Rates and Hospitalizations by Organism, United States, 2002-2011(1).

Because the epidemiology of pneumonia is changing, we performed an updated, population-based analysis of hospitalization and case-fatality rates for pneumonia patients in the United States. From 2002 to 2011, hospitalization rates decreased significantly for pneumonia caused by pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae but increased significantly for Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and influenza virus.

Prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection presenting to US EDs.

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Secondary objectives included defining the burden of CDI.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational cohort study of 2006-2010 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database of 980 US hospital EDs in 29 states.