Y-chromosomal insights into the breeding history and sire line genealogies of two traditional Baroque horse breeds: Lipizzaner and Kladruber.

The paternally inherited, male-specific part of the Y chromosome (MSY) is an ideal marker for studying the origin, genealogies, and historical connections of horse patrilines. Here, we performed fine-scaled MSY haplotype (HT) analysis in two Baroque horse breeds, the Lipizzaner and the Kladruber, both known for their long-standing tradition of sire line breeding and interconnected genealogies. We genotyped 95 MSY markers using KASP technology in 90 stallions representing all patrilines of both breeds.

MassiveFold: unveiling AlphaFold's hidden potential with optimized and parallelized massive sampling.

Massive sampling in AlphaFold enables access to increased structural diversity. In combination with its efficient confidence ranking, this unlocks elevated modeling capabilities for monomeric structures and foremost for protein assemblies. However, the approach struggles with GPU cost and data storage.

Unmasking AlphaFold to integrate experiments and predictions in multimeric complexes.

Since the release of AlphaFold, researchers have actively refined its predictions and attempted to integrate it into existing pipelines for determining protein structures. These efforts have introduced a number of functionalities and optimisations at the latest Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction edition (CASP15), resulting in a marked improvement in the prediction of multimeric protein structures. However, AlphaFold's capability of predicting large protein complexes is still limited and integrating experimental data in the prediction pipeline is not straightforward.