Discovery and insights from DSX mission's high-power VLF wave transmission experiments in the radiation belts.

Space weather phenomena can threaten space technologies. A hazard among these is the population of relativistic electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts. To reduce the threat, artificial processes can be introduced by transmitting very-low-frequency (VLF) waves into the belts.

Auroral ionospheric E region parameters obtained from satellite-based far ultraviolet and ground-based ionosonde observations: 1. Data, methods, and comparisons.

A large number (~1000) of coincident auroral far ultraviolet (FUV) and ground-based ionosonde observations are compared. This is the largest study to date of coincident satellite-based FUV and ground-based observations of the auroral E region. FUV radiance values from the NASA Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16 and F18 Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) are included in the study.

Emergence of respiratory Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in cystic fibrosis patients.

Streptococcus agalactiae is a well-known pathogen for neonates and immunocompromized adults. Beyond the neonatal period, S. agalactiae is rarely found in the respiratory tract.

Effects of solar flares on the ionosphere of Mars.

All planetary atmospheres respond to the enhanced x-rays and ultraviolet (UV) light emitted from the Sun during a flare. Yet only on Earth are observations so continuous that the consequences of these essentially unpredictable events can be measured reliably. Here, we report observations of solar flares, causing up to 200% enhancements to the ionosphere of Mars, as recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor in April 2001.

Views of Earth's magnetosphere with the image satellite.

The IMAGE spacecraft uses photon and neutral atom imaging and radio sounding techniques to provide global images of Earth's inner magnetosphere and upper atmosphere. Auroral imaging at ultraviolet wavelengths shows that the proton aurora is displaced equatorward with respect to the electron aurora and that discrete auroral forms at higher latitudes are caused almost completely by electrons. Energetic neutral atom imaging of ions injected into the inner magnetosphere during magnetospheric disturbances shows a strong energy-dependent drift that leads to the formation of the ring current by ions in the several tens of kiloelectron volts energy range.