Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution in Bangladeshi under-fives with community-acquired pneumonia pre-10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative pathogen of bacterial pneumonia in children worldwide. Bangladesh introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in their national immunization program for infants in 2015. We assessed its potential coverage in under-fives with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the years before PCV10 was introduced.

Nationwide upsurge in invasive disease in the context of longitudinal surveillance of carriage and invasive 2009-2023, the Netherlands: a molecular epidemiological study.

Since 2022, many countries have reported an upsurge in invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections. We explored whether changes in carriage rates or emergence of strains with potentially altered virulence, such as 1 variants M1 and M1, contributed to the 2022/2023 surge in the Netherlands. We determined (sub)type distribution for 2,698 invasive and 351 .

Novel 4 lineage associated with an upsurge in invasive group A streptococcal disease in the Netherlands, 2022.

Invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease cases increased in the first half of 2022 in the Netherlands, with a remarkably high proportion of 4 isolates. Whole-genome sequence analysis of 66 4 isolates, 40 isolates from the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period 2009-2019 and 26 contemporary isolates from 2022, identified a novel lineage (M4), which accounted for 85 % of 4 iGAS cases in 2022. Surprisingly, we detected few isolates of the 4 hypervirulent clone, which has replaced nearly all other 4 in the USA and the UK.

[Invasive group A streptococcal infections in the Netherlands].

Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections are caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Infection can occur via droplet infection from the throat and via (in)direct contact with infected people. GAS can cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from superficial skin infections, pharyngitis and scarlet fever, to serious invasive diseases such as puerperal sepsis, pneumonia, necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTI) (also known as necrotising fasciitis/myositis), meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).