Immune Response to the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine is Reduced in Infants Immunized during the Respiratory Viral Season.

Introduction: We hypothesized that response to infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), administered during peak respiratory viral seasons could be blunted, particularly to higher carrier-load PCVs.

Methods: We did a post-hoc analysis of a large, double-blind, randomized study comparing 13-valent vs. 7-valent PCVs (PCV13; PCV7) administered to infants (at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months).

Imaging the development of the human craniofacial arterial system - an experimental study.

Background: The process of vascular development is essential for shaping complex craniofacial structures. Investigating the interplay between vascular development and orofacial morphogenesis holds critical importance in clinical practice and contributes to advancing our comprehension of (vascular) developmental biology. New insights into specific vascular developmental pathways will have far-reaching implications across various medical disciplines, enhancing clinical understanding, refining surgical techniques, and elucidating the origins of congenital abnormalities.

Dynamics of Pediatric Antibiotic Use Differ between High- and Low-Prescribing Clinics after Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines.

Objective: To compare dispensed oral antibiotic prescription rates (DAPRs) after implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in high antibiotic-prescribing clinics (HPC) with low antibiotic-prescribing clinics (LPC) in 2 distinct ethnic groups of children (Jewish and Bedouin children) <5 years of age.

Methods: Clinics with ≥50 insured children, active both pre-PCV (2005-2009) and post-PCV (2010-2018) implementation, were included. HPC and LPC were defined by DAPRs above or below the median in each age and ethnic group.

The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on ceftriaxone consumption in the community among young children.

Objectives: Following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction, community pediatric dispensed prescription rates (DPR) of oral antibiotics declined, in parallel to respiratory tract infection (RTI). We assessed the dynamics of outpatient parenteral ceftriaxone DPR.

Methods: Computerized data for children <5 years were examined during 13 years (including 4 pre-PCV years).

Dynamics of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants < 2 years old following PCV7/13 implementation using two infant and a booster dose schedule: evidence for indirect protection of young infants, Israel, 2004 to 2019.

BackgroundPneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)7 and PCV13 programmes started in Israel from July 2009 and November 2010 respectively, with a 2+1 schedule (one dose at 2 months old, one at 4 months old, and a booster dose at 12 months old). Thereafter, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates substantially declined in children. Uptake of all three doses in < 2-year-olds since 2012 is > 90%.