Update of the Spanish clinical practice guideline for urinary tract infection in infants and children. Summary of recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

The management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants and children has changed significantly over the past few decades based on scientific evidence that questioned the efficacy of strategies used to prevent kidney injury and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease, which is very unlikely in most paediatric cases. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity in its management and uncertainty regarding the diagnosis, indication of imaging tests, treatment or follow-up in these patients. The Spanish clinical practice guideline has been updated through the review of the literature published since 2009 and a rigorous evaluation of current clinical practice aspects, taking into account the evidence on the benefits of each intervention in addition to its risks and drawbacks to attempt to provide more precise recommendations.

Torsion of vermiform appendix: value of ultrasonographic findings.

A case of torsion of the vermiform appendix is described in a five-year-old boy with a two-day history of right-sided abdominal pain. No associated abdominal tenderness was reported, no vomiting nor fever. The pain was localized in the same place for 24 hours and became more severe and constant.

[Renal volumetric echography in the newborn infant with an agenetic, dysplastic or obstructive contralateral kidney].

In newborn babies with congenital renal pathology type agenesia, dysplasia or obstruction is very important to know if there is intrautero vicariant growing of the contralateral kidney. To find out that we have proceeded to be ultrasound volume measurement of the normal renal unit, as this is a valuable parameter related to compensatory mechanisms. We have studied by ultrasounds 28 renal units (16 right, 12 left) in newborns with contralateral pathology: pyeloureteral stenosis in 10 cases, multicystic kidney in 13 cases, renal agenesia in 3 cases, obstructive ureterocele in 1 case and another one with ureterovesical stenosis.