Loss of Desmoglein 2 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease.

Background: The intestinal epithelium of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by defects in permeability and alterations in tight junction morphology sealing the paracellular cleft. Desmosomes are primarily considered to mediate strong intercellular cohesion. Because barrier properties of epithelial cells were shown to depend on the function of the desmosomal adhesion molecule desmoglein 2 (Dsg2), we here investigated the relevance of Dsg2 for CD.

Is a neuronal chain between the pineal body and the retina in rats and hamsters? Transneural tracing studies.

Neuronal chains between the retina and the pineal body were investigated. Transneuronal tracers, retrograde spreading pseudorabies virus (labeled with green fluorescent protein, memGreen-RV) and virus spreading in both ante- and retrograde directions (labeled with red fluorescent protein, Ka-VHS-mCherry-A-RV) were injected into the right eye of vitreous body of intact or bilaterally sympathectomized Wistar male rats. Intact golden hamsters also received memGreen-RV into the eye and Ka-VHS-mCherry-A-RV into the pineal body.

The use of a head-mounted display in oral implantology: a feasibility study.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of a navigation system for oral implantology using either a head-mounted display (HMD) or a monitor as a device for visualization.

Methods: Drilling experiments in plastic mandibles were performed by seven investigators supported by a navigation system using an HMD. A set of drilling experiments was carried out using a traditional monitor setup as standard of reference.

Desmoglein 2 is less important than desmoglein 3 for keratinocyte cohesion.

Desmosomes provide intercellular adhesive strength required for integrity of epithelial and some non-epithelial tissues. Within the epidermis, the cadherin-type adhesion molecules desmoglein (Dsg) 1-4 and desmocollin (Dsc) 1-3 build the adhesive core of desmosomes. In keratinocytes, several isoforms of these proteins are co-expressed.

Peripheral autonomic nerves of human pineal organ terminate on vessels, their supposed role in the periodic secretion of pineal melatonin.

Nonvisual pineal and retinal photoreceptors are synchronizing circadian and circannual periodicity to the environmental light periods in the function of various organs. Melatonin of the pineal organ is secreted at night and represents an important factor of this periodic regulation. Night illumination suppressing melatonin secretion may result in pathological events like breast and colorectal cancer.