Evaluation of Rare Types of Breast Cancer among Indian Patients - a Retrospective Study from a Regional Cancer Center.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among Indian women and invasive duct cell carcinoma (IDCC) the most common histology (80-90%) followed by noninvasive duct cell carcinoma (non-IDCC) subtypes (about 10%). Most of the non-IDCC are rare (<1-2%), and literature on this topic is sparse. Age is an important prognostic factor and varies with ethnicity.

Primary intratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare entity: A case report with review of literature.

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare mesenchymal tumor. It is an intrascrotal tumor that is localized in paratesticular structures such as the epididymis or spermatic cord. Rhabdomyosarcoma is most often observed in children and adolescents, presenting as a painless scrotal mass.

Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor of Larynx: A Rare Presentation.

Here we report a 60 year aged male presented with complaints of right neck swelling of 3 months duration, swelling was initially small in size and gradually increasing. On examination right level II, hard mobile lymph node was palpable measuring 4 × 4 cm in size, oral cavity and oropharynx was normal. Computed tomography of face neck showed moderately enhancing soft tissue mass of 2 × 3 cm in the supra glottis and left level II cervical lymphadenopathy of size 5 × 5 cm with infiltrating into left sternomastoid muscle.

Overexpression and enhanced specific activity of aldoketo reductases (AKR1B1 & AKR1B10) in human breast cancers.

The incidence of breast cancer in India is on the rise and is rapidly becoming the primary cancer in Indian women. The aldoketo reductase (AKR) family has more than 190 proteins including aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and aldose reductase like protein (AKR1B10). Apart from liver cancer, the status of AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 with respect to their expression and activity has not been reported in other human cancers.

PTEN and p16 genes as epigenetic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): a study on south Indian population.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p16INK4a (p16) genes are tumor suppressor genes, associated with epigenetic alterations. PTEN and p16 promoter hypermethylation is a major epigenetic silencing mechanism leading to cancer. The cooperation between PTEN and p16 in pathogenesis of cancers suggest that their combination might be considered as potential molecular marker for specific subgroups of patients.