Insight into mammary gland development and tumor progression in an E2F5 conditional knockout mouse model.

Development of breast cancer is linked to altered regulation of mammary gland developmental processes. A better understanding of normal mammary gland development can thus reveal possible mechanisms of how normal cells are re-programmed to become malignant. E2Fs 1-4 are part of the E2F transcription factor family with varied roles in mammary development, but little is known about the role of E2F5.

Factors associated with in men who have sex with men: A systematic review.

Background: parasites are an important cause of diarrhoea globally and sexual transmission may occur in men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to systematically review the literature to explore any factors associated with transmission of in MSM to provide insight for future guidelines and public health strategies.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science for manuscripts published up to July 2023.

Anabolic phenotype in cartilage-specific mitogen-inducible gene-6 knockout mice is independent of transforming growth factor-α.

Background/objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disorder with no disease modifying treatment currently available. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays an important role in cartilage/bone development and its ligand transforming growth factor- (TGF) is upregulated in OA. In contrast, Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6) is a negative regulator of EGFR, and cartilage-specific Mig-6 deletion results in anabolic effects on cartilage and formation of chondro-osseus nodules (CON).

To Learn or Not to Learn: Perceptions Towards Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Self-identity Among English Language Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a pivot towards digital teaching and learning. This study aims to assess the perceptions of self-identity and continuing professional development (CPD) among secondary school English teachers in Hong Kong in light of the academic paradigm shift triggered by the pandemic.

Methods: A mixed methods approach is adopted.

The Role of Genetic, Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Immunologic Mediators in the Progression of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms to Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) have the potential to progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As with any progression to malignancy, there are a variety of genetic and metabolic changes, as well as other disruptions to the cellular microenvironment including immune alterations and inflammation, that can contribute to tumorigenesis. Previous studies further characterized these alterations, revealing changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, and signaling pathways that mediate the progression of IPMN to PDAC.