Abnormal Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology in Functional Movement Disorders.

Objective: The role of inflammation and neuroimmune mechanisms, which have been documented in various neuropsychiatric disorders including the seizure subtype of functional neurological disorder, remains unclear in functional movement disorders (FMD). To explore these mechanisms, we analyzed selected inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with FMD.

Methods: We compared CSF markers in 26 patients with clinically established FMD (20 females; mean [SD] age = 43.

Diagnostic delay of multiple sclerosis: prevalence, determinants and consequences.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with better outcomes; however, diagnostic delays remain a major problem.

Objective: Describe the prevalence, determinants and consequences of delayed diagnoses.

Methods: This single-centre ambispective study analysed 146 adult relapsing-remitting MS patients (2016-2021) for frequency and determinants of diagnostic delays and their associations with clinical, cognitive, imaging and biochemical measures.

Tract-wise microstructural analysis informs on current and future disability in early multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Microstructural characterization of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown to correlate better with disability compared to conventional radiological biomarkers. Quantitative MRI provides effective means to characterize microstructural brain tissue changes both in lesions and normal-appearing brain tissue. However, the impact of the location of microstructural alterations in terms of neuronal pathways has not been thoroughly explored so far.

Missed diagnosis of Fabry disease: should we screen patients with multiple sclerosis?

Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) can be undiagnosed in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to similar clinical and paraclinical features. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence (and the necessity of screening) of FD among patients with possible or definite MS.

Methods: In this prospective monocentric observational study, we included consecutive patients enrolled between May 2017 and May 2019 after the first clinical event suggestive of MS.

Lexical and syntactic deficits analyzed via automated natural language processing: the new monitoring tool in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Impairment of higher language functions associated with natural spontaneous speech in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains underexplored.

Objectives: We presented a fully automated method for discriminating MS patients from healthy controls based on lexical and syntactic linguistic features.

Methods: We enrolled 120 MS individuals with Expanded Disability Status Scale ranging from 1 to 6.