SNR improvement in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR using Nyquist zone averaging.

A recent advancement in distributed sensing known as the time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE Φ-OTDR) addresses the trade-off between spatial resolution and detection bandwidth, enabling centimeter-scale resolution alongside RF detection bandwidth in the order of MHz. To date, TE Φ-OTDR approaches extract the fiber response from the first Nyquist zone (NZ). In this Letter, we propose a post-processing strategy to enhance the SNR by spectrally averaging different NZs.

The Challenges and Opportunities for Performance Enhancement in Resonant Fiber Optic Gyroscopes.

In the last decade, substantial progress has been made to improve the performance of optical gyroscopes for inertial navigation applications in terms of critical parameters such as bias stability, scale factor stability, and angular random walk (ARW). Specifically, resonant fiber optic gyroscopes (RFOGs) have emerged as a viable alternative to widely popular interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs). In a conventional RFOG, a single-wavelength laser source is used to generate counter-propagating waves in a ring resonator, for which the phase difference is measured in terms of the resonant frequency shift to obtain the rotation rate.

Scleral lens wear and fluid reservoir turbidity in eyes with ocular surface disorders.

Purpose: To investigate changes in fluid reservoir turbidity parameters over time and its influence on visual performance in eyes with ocular surface disorders (OSD) wearing scleral contact lenses (SL).

Methods: Thirteen eyes with OSD were assessed for corrected distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS) and fluid reservoir turbidity using anterior segment optical coherence tomography at baseline, after 5 min and 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of SL wear on day 1 and after 1 month.

Utilization of Fish Skin Gelatin for Nutritional Value Enhancement of Avocado-Based Low-Fat Ice Cream.

Gelatin is one of the most widely used food ingredients, with wide applications in the food industry as stabilizing, gelling, and foaming agents. Fish skin is the basic source of gelatin, which contains a high amount of protein. The results show that the proximate compositions (protein, fat, ash, moisture, fiber, carbohydrate, and total energy) of the optimized ice cream product with ingredient compositions of (30% milk, 40% avocado pulp, 10% sugar, 15% gelatin, and 5% cream) show values of 3.

Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Human Placental Tissue for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Biologics targeting matrix-degrading proteases, cartilage repair, and inflammation are emerging as promising approaches for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Recent research highlights biologic-human placental tissue (HPT) as a potential OA therapy due to its biocompatibility, abundant protein biofactors, and ability to reduce cartilage degradation by suppressing protease expression. Microneedles (MNs) are receiving growing attention for enhancing transdermal delivery of biologics as an alternative to conventional subcutaneous injections.