Fourth Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) meeting, CHIM regulatory issues, May 24, 2023.

Many aspects of Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs, also known as human challenge studies and human infection studies) have been discussed extensively, including Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production of the challenge agent, CHIM ethics, environmental safety in CHIM, recruitment, community engagement, advertising and incentives, pre-existing immunity, and clinical, immunological, and microbiological endpoints. The fourth CHIM meeting focused on regulation of CHIM studies, bringing together scientists and regulators from high-, middle-, and low-income countries, to discuss barriers and hurdles in CHIM regulation. Valuable initiatives for regulation of CHIMs have already been undertaken but further capacity building remains essential.

Delayed bilateral craniectomy for treatment of traumatic brain swelling in children: case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Head injury is the leading cause of accidental death in children. Recent reports have shown the benefit of decompressive craniectomy in children and the role of early timing has been emphasized. However, there is still a lack of data to determine the optimal time for performing craniectomy.

Fronto-orbital advancement with simultaneous LeFort III-distraction.

Background: Patients with pronounced forms of craniosynostosis often suffer from hypoplasia of the facial skeleton. Different techniques have been described to correct these malformations consisting mainly of a standardised fronto-orbital advancement to correct the neurocranium followed by a conventional LeFort III-osteotomy for the correction of the viscerocranium several months later.

Method And Patients: In order to optimise treatment, these techniques were confined into a one step procedure.

Preliminary results of standardized occipital advancement in the treatment of lambdoid synostosis.

Introduction: Lambdoid synostosis can be found unilaterally, bilaterally or in combination with other forms of craniosynostosis. Based on the concept of frontoorbital advancement, we used the occipital advancement in order to correct unilateral or bilateral lambdoid synostosis.

Methods: The standardized technique consists of transverse osteotomies, removal, remodelling and advancement of the occipital region.