The morphology of the hypoglossal canal and its size in relation to skull capacity in man and other mammal species.

The hypoglossal canal is a permanent element of the human skull. As well as the hypoglossal nerve, the canal also contains the venous plexus and an arterial branch leading to the dura mater. It emerged from our earlier studies that the venous plexus is a dominant component in this canal.

[New outlook on the problem of an anatomic barrier in the lymphatics of the laryngeal mucous membrane].

The authors describe the lymphatic net of the larynx mucosa membrane. The communications of the lymphatic vessels of the larynx and neighbouring organs are analyzed in hypertrophy and atrophy of the mucosa. The experiment performed by means of injections proved that the subglottic area is not a barrier between the two areas of laryngeal mucosa lymphatic system.

[Degree of middle ear malformation in developmental defects of the I and II branchial arches].

The authors describe various grades of middle ear malformations in 22 patients with developmental defects of the first and the second branchial arch. Middle ear malformations were divided into three groups, according to Altmann's classification, on the basis of physical examination, X-ray investigations and surgeon's opinion. The analysis of the material helps in the assessment of possible anatomical and physiological benefits of surgery in each group of malformations.

[Study of the lymphatic system of the tongue--the lymphatic network of the mucosa].

The authors present the results of investigations of the tongue lymphatic system performed during autopsies. The lymphatic vessels were injected with a Gerot's mass and then the photographs in reflected infrared light were taken. The results provide informations concerning the structure of lymphatic net of the tongue mucous membrane and the directions of the lymph flow in its vessels.