Implementing Pivotal Response Treatment to Teach Question Asking to High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to test the use of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) in the secondary school setting. There were two main goals: (a) to evaluate secondary education providers' ability to implement PRT with fidelity following a PRT training program; and (b) to evaluate the effects of school-implemented PRT on the social communication skills of adolescents and young adults with ASD, specifically, question-asking behavior. This concurrent multiple baseline design study across dyads investigated the use of PRT in the secondary school setting with adolescents with ASD.

Fluid management of emergency department patients with sepsis-A survey of fluid resuscitation practices.

Background: Fluid administration and resuscitation of patients with sepsis admitted through emergency departments (ED) remains a challenge, and evidence is sparse especially in sepsis patients without shock. We aimed to investigate emergency medicine physicians' and nurses' perceptions, self-reported decision-making and daily behavior, and challenges in fluid administration of ED sepsis patients.

Methods: We developed and conducted a multicenter, web-based, cross-sectional survey focusing on fluid administration to ED patients with sepsis sent to all nurses and physicians from the five EDs in the Central Denmark Region.

Two cGAS-like receptors induce antiviral immunity in Drosophila.

In mammals, cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) produces the cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP in response to cytosolic DNA and this triggers an antiviral immune response. cGAS belongs to a large family of cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases that is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In bacteria, these enzymes synthesize a range of cyclic oligonucleotides and have recently emerged as important regulators of phage infections.

2'3'-cGAMP triggers a STING- and NF-κB-dependent broad antiviral response in .

We previously reported that an ortholog of STING regulates infection by picorna-like viruses in In mammals, STING is activated by the cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'-cGAMP produced by cGAS, which acts as a receptor for cytosolic DNA. Here, we showed that injection of flies with 2'3'-cGAMP induced the expression of dSTING-regulated genes. Coinjection of 2'3'-cGAMP with a panel of RNA or DNA viruses resulted in substantially reduced viral replication.

Initial validation of the Classroom Management Observation Tool (CMOT).

Effective classroom management is critical for student and teacher success. Because teachers receive limited preservice preparation and in-service support in classroom management, educational leaders (e.g.