Comparison of Arthroscopic versus Open Placement of the Fibular Tunnel in Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction.

Introduction:  Precise fibular tunnel placement in posterolateral corner (PLC) reconstruction is crucial in restoring rotational and lateral stability. Despite the recent progress of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction techniques, landmarks for arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement and a comparison to open tunnel placement have not yet been described. This study aimed to (1) identify reasonable soft-tissue and bony landmarks, which can be identified by either arthroscopy, fluoroscopy, or open surgery in anatomic fibular tunnel placement and (2) to compare accuracy and reliability of arthroscopic fibular tunnel placement with open surgery.

Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of hypertensive hypertrophy.

Individuals with hypertension and electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have a 10-fold greater risk of developing cardiac failure than hypertensives without ECG evidence of LVH. LVH in hypertension is characterized by myocardial fibrosis and structural changes to the small intramural arteries. Hypertensives with or without LVH have reduced coronary vasodilator reserve due to hypertensive disease of small coronary arteries.

15-(ortho-123I-phenyl)-pentadecanoic acid, a new myocardial imaging agent for clinical use.

The result of previous experiments in rodents indicated different kinetics for the para- and ortho-isomers of 15-(iodophenyl)-pentadecanoic acid (p-IPPA, o-IPPA), with o-IPPA showing an enhanced rate of washout. To test the relevance of this phenomenon for clinical diagnosis, 15 fasting male patients with confirmed coronary heart disease (1-VD/7, 2-VD/4, 3-VD/4) were investigated under exercise. Serial images were recorded at a rate of 3 frames min-1 for 70 to 90 min, corrected for tracer in blood and compared with thallium-201 images obtained from these patients within less than 2 weeks.