Cerebrospinal fluid α synuclein concentrations in patients with positive AD biomarkers and extrapyramidal symptoms.

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EP) are not uncommon in Alzheimer's Disease (AD); when present, they negatively influence the course of the disorder. A large proportion of AD patients shows concomitant Lewy bodies' pathology post mortem. Total α Synuclein (αSyn) concentrations are frequently increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients, but are decreased in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB).

Relationship of antibodies to thyrotropin receptors and to thyroid ultrasonographic volume in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.

It has been reported in hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in patients with primary myxoedema that antibodies (Ab) to the TSH-receptor (R), which inhibit the thyroid gland, decrease both thyroid hormonogenesis and cell growth in vitro. We investigated, in 169 newly diagnosed patients with euthyroid (n = 83) or hypothyroid (n = 86) autoimmune thyroiditis, the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity expression and thyroid ultrasonographic volume or thyroid hormonal status. In patients positive for TSH-receptor (R) antibodies (Ab), negative correlations (P < 0.

Evidence for the effect of antibodies to TSH receptors on the thyroid ultrasonographic volume in patients with Graves' disease.

Objective: It has been demonstrated that antibodies (Ab) to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (R), which stimulate the thyroid gland, induce hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease. Furthermore, it has been shown in thyroid cells in culture that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor Ab acts through the adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate pathway which stimulates both thyroid hormonogenesis and growth. We investigated the relations between thyroid autoimmunity expression and thyroid ultrasonographic parameters or thyroid hormonal status in patients with Graves' disease.

Prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and relationship between thyroid hormonal status and thyroid ultrasonographic parameters in patients with non-toxic nodular goitre.

Objective: Basal plasma T4, T3 and TSH concentrations are usually normal in patients presenting with non-toxic nodular goitre. Using the evaluation of TSH response to TRH in a large series of such patients living in an area with normal iodine intake, we evaluated the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and the relationship between thyroid hormonal status and ultrasonographic parameters.

Patients: A prospective study of 242 consecutive patients (group I), referred with non-autoimmune nodular goitre, normal plasma free T4, total T3 and TSH levels, without (subgroup IA, 222 patients) or with (subgroup IB, 20 patients) clear-cut autonomous area(s) on scintigraphy.