WarpDrive: Improving spatial normalization using manual refinements.

Spatial normalization-the process of mapping subject brain images to an average template brain-has evolved over the last 20+ years into a reliable method that facilitates the comparison of brain imaging results across patients, centers & modalities. While overall successful, sometimes, this automatic process yields suboptimal results, especially when dealing with brains with extensive neurodegeneration and atrophy patterns, or when high accuracy in specific regions is needed. Here we introduce WarpDrive, a novel tool for manual refinements of image alignment after automated registration.

Optimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for stimulation of the fornix in Alzheimer's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the fornix is an investigational treatment for patients with mild Alzheimer's Disease. Outcomes from randomized clinical trials have shown that cognitive function improved in some patients but deteriorated in others. This could be explained by variance in electrode placement leading to differential engagement of neural circuits.

Mapping autonomic, mood and cognitive effects of hypothalamic region deep brain stimulation.

Because of its involvement in a wide variety of cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioural functions, the hypothalamus constitutes a potential target for neuromodulation in a number of treatment-refractory conditions. The precise neural substrates and circuitry subserving these responses, however, are poorly characterized to date. We sought to retrospectively explore the acute sequelae of hypothalamic region deep brain stimulation and characterize their neuroanatomical correlates.

Brain structures and networks responsible for stimulation-induced memory flashbacks during forniceal deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Fornix deep brain stimulation (fx-DBS) is under investigation for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the anatomic correlates of flashback phenomena that were reported previously during acute diencephalic stimulation.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients with mild AD who took part in a prior fx-DBS trial (NCT01608061) were studied.

Improved survival and overt "dystonic" symptoms in a torsinA hypofunction mouse model.

DYT1 dystonia is an inherited movement disorder without obvious neurodegeneration. Multiple mutant mouse models exhibit motor deficits without overt "dystonic" symptoms and neurodegeneration. However, some mouse models do.