Iodine transfer to dairy cow's milk: A revised biokinetic model.

A new biokinetic model for iodine in dairy cows was developed utilizing data from a 4 × 4 factorial feeding experiment with rumen-cannulated cows that were fed rapeseed cake containing substances known to influence iodine metabolism, and soybean meal without such effects. I was administered both intravenously and intra-ruminally to document metabolism pathways. The new model included compartments such as saliva and thyroid gland, often ignored in other models, and in contrast to previously available biokinetic models, it fitted well to our experimental data.

Effect of potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate in feed on Cs uptake and excretion by silver Prussian carp.

The present work documents potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (KFCF) KFe[Fe(CN)] containing feed to be an effective and inexpensive countermeasure to reduce the Cs contamination of fish. Laboratory aquarium experiments were performed to investigate the effect of feed containing potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate on Cs uptake and excretion by silver Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)). After the 120-day period of Cs uptake with feed, reaching equilibrium Cs level in fish, fish in some aquariums received feeds containing either 0.

Fundamentals of wildlife dosimetry and lessons learned from a decade of measuring external dose rates in the field.

Methods for determining the radiation dose received by exposed biota require major improvements to reduce uncertainties and increase precision. We share our experiences in attempting to quantify external dose rates to free-ranging wildlife using GPS-coupled dosimetry methods. The manuscript is a primer on fundamental concepts in wildlife dosimetry in which the complexities of quantifying dose rates are highlighted, and lessons learned are presented based on research with wild boar and snakes at Fukushima, wolves at Chornobyl, and reindeer in Norway.

Release of Radioactive Particles to the Environment.

When environmental impact and risks associated with radioactive contamination of ecosystems are assessed, the source term and deposition must be linked to ecosystem transfer, biological uptake and effects in exposed organisms. Thus, a well-defined source term is the starting point for transport, dose, impact and risk models. After the Chornobyl accident, 3-4 tons of spent nuclear fuel were released and radioactive particles were important ingrediencies of the actual source term.