Envenomation by 'dead' snakes: a review.

Venomous snakes are a potential hazard even after their death. Dead snakes or their severed heads can inflict bites under various bizarre circumstances and may result in envenomation. In this review, an effort has been made to discuss the circumstances under which envenomation from dead snakes can occur, the incidence and pathomechanics of such envenomation, clinical manifestations and management and preventive measures, as well as a review of the literature on this unique mode of snake envenomation.

Designing a summative assessment blueprint in community medicine: an expert consensus approach at All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Despite the increasing integration of competency-based education in medicine, there remains a significant gap in effectively assessing educational outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for designed assessment blueprints that accurately reflect both curriculum content and competency standards in Community Medicine for undergraduate students. This study, conducted across the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) network, develops a summative assessment blueprint aimed at standardizing evaluations in medical education across diverse geographic locations in India.

Methods: Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper.

Enhancing Efficiency in Meniscal Repair: A Novel In-House Vacuum Suction Technique for Suture Loading in Long Hollow Needles and Devices.

Background: Suture-loaded long hollow needles are used in arthroscopic surgery to pass or retrieve sutures and in meniscal repair surgeries. However, manual suture loading can be time-consuming and challenging, especially with finer sutures. We present a novel technique using vacuum suction to simplify and expedite suture loading in hollow needles and similar devices.

Optimization of pretreatments to enhance quality characteristics and storage period of kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) using response surface methodology.

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of pretreatments viz. wax coating, hot water dipping, and fungicide treatment on quality characteristics of kinnow. In the present study, a trial was conducted to extend the shelf life of kinnow fruits by maintaining the initial quality characteristics with three wax-to-water dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), hot water dipping at 56 °C with varying time (40, 60, 80 s) along with fungicide treatment at various concentration (150, 200, 250 ppm).