Fluorinated and methylated -benzodipyrrole-based acceptors suppressing charge recombination and minimizing energy loss in organic photovoltaics.

The elimination of the A' unit from -type Y6-derivatives has led to the development of a new class of -benzodipyrrole (-BDP)-based A-DBD-A-type NFAs. In this work, two new A-DBD-A-type NFAs, denoted as CFB and CMB, are designed and synthesized, where electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms and electron-donating methyl groups are substituted on the benzene ring of the -BDP moiety, respectively. CFB exhibits a blue-shifted absorption spectrum, stronger intermolecular interactions, shorter π-π stacking distances, and more ordered 3D intermolecular packing in the neat and blend films, enabling it to effectively suppress charge recombination in the PM6:CFB device showing a higher PCE of 16.

Incidence of First-ever Stroke, Stroke Events, and Early Case Fatality Rate in China: Results from a National Population-based Survey.

Background: In recent years, stroke has become the leading cause of death in the Chinese population，and the burden of stroke is huge. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of population-based stroke incidence and case fatality rates in China, which are nationally representative.

Methods: In 2013, a nationally representative household survey was conducted at 155 survey sites in 31 provinces.

Environmentally Friendly and Simple Recycling of Titanium Alloy Scrap via Deoxygenation with Hybrid Hydrogen Plasma Arc.

The potential of hydrogen plasma arc technology for the efficient deoxygenation and recycling of titanium alloy scrap is explored. The results of thermodynamic analysis reveal that hydrogen plasma is suitable for oxygen removal. The intermediate stages of the deoxygenation process are sequentially analyzed, showing that the hydrogen plasma arc primarily facilitated the reduction and dissolution of oxides as well as eliminated interstitial oxygen.