Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes Is Equally Induced by Insulin and Proinsulin .

Background And Objectives: In advanced -cell dysfunction, proinsulin is increasingly replacing insulin as major component of the secretion product. It has been speculated that proinsulin has at least the same adipogenic potency than insulin, leading to an increased tendency of lipid tissue formation in patients with late stage -cell dysfunction.

Methods And Results: Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from liposuction material were grown in differentiation media containing insulin (0.

Differentiation potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) which are isolated from bone marrow stroma, peripheral blood, dermis, muscle and adipose tissue have the advantage of potential autologous transplantation ability. They can be differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and myogenic lineages. Problems of stem cells from bone marrow are low cell numbers, low isolated volumes, pain, and to some extent ethical concerns.

Trisomy 21 is a recurrent secondary aberration in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TEL/AML1 gene fusion.

TEL/AML1 gene fusion is the most frequent genetic lesion in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It occurs as a consequence of the cryptic chromosomal translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22). In a cohort of 50 RT-PCR-positive TEL/AML1 patients, karyotype examination by GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allowed us to identify chromosome anomalies in addition to the already existing t(12;21).

Partial trisomy 16p in an adolescent with autistic disorder and Tourette's syndrome.

A partial trisomy 16p was identified in a 14-year-old male adolescent with autistic disorder. He additionally showed complex motor and vocal phenomena, including some simple tics which had first appeared in childhood. Whereas these simple tics were of subclinical significance, an additional diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (TS) appears justified.