Tick-borne encephalitis virus and the immune response of the mammalian host.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), one of the most prevalent arboviruses in Europe and in many parts of Asia. Transmission of TBEV to humans usually occurs by bite of an infected tick or rarely by ingestion of unpasteurized milk products of infected livestock. TBEV infection induces an innate and adaptive immune response, nevertheless it is able to replicate in several cell types of the immune system at the same time which probably contributes to the spread of the virus in the human host.

SPINE: a method for the rapid detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo.

The detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions is one of the central tasks of proteomics in the postgenomic era. For this purpose, we present a procedure, the Strep-protein interaction experiment (SPINE) that combines the advantages of the Strep-tag protein purification system with those of reversible in vivo protein crosslinking by formaldehyde. Using two Bacillus subtilis regulator proteins, we demonstrate that this method is well suited to isolate protein complexes with high purity and virtually no background.

Disposition of a new diacid angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor after intravenous administration of drug or prodrug to monkeys and dogs.

The disposition of [4S-[4 alpha,7 alpha,(R*),12b beta]]-7- [S-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-octahydro-6- oxo- pyrido[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-4-carboxylic acid (MDL 27,088), a new a new angiotensin-covering enzyme inhibitor, was studied in cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs given intravenous (iv) doses of MDL 27,088 or its prodrug, MDL 27,210. Although in both species iv-administered MDL 27,210 was extensively (> 99.9%) metabolized and excreted in the urine and feces as MDL 27,088, the disposition of MDL 27,088 appeared to be significantly influenced by its mode of administration.

Disposition and metabolism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [4S-[4 alpha, 7 alpha, (R*), 12b beta]]-7-[S-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-3- phenylpropyl)amino]-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-octahydro-6-oxo- pyrido[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-4-carboxylic acid in monkeys and dogs.

[4S-[4 alpha, 7 alpha, (R*),12b beta]]-7-[S- (1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl)amino]-1,2,3,4,6,7,8, 12b-octahydro-6-oxo-pyrido[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-4-carboxylic acid (MDL 27,210) is the ethyl ester prodrug of a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, MDL 27,088. After a single dose of [14C]MDL 27,210 (3 mg/kg iv), MDL 27,210 was rapidly eliminated from the plasma of monkeys and dogs with a terminal half-life of approximately 0.3 hr.

Caffeine disposition in the pregnant rabbit. II. Fetal distribution of caffeine and paraxanthine during chronic maternal caffeine administration.

Twenty-three New Zealand White rabbits received a continuous intravenous infusion of caffeine during gestation. The amniotic fluid/maternal plasma concentration ratio was higher for caffeine than for its major metabolite, paraxanthine, throughout gestation, and increased near term for both compounds. Both compounds distributed nearly homogeneously to fluids and tissues of the 29-day fetus, with mean fetal/maternal concentration ratios of 0.