Adrenal insufficiency in thyroid cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and detected by ACTH stimulation test.

Purpose: Advanced thyroid cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) can develop several adverse events (AEs), including adrenal insufficiency (AI).

Methods: We studied 55 patients treated with TKI for radioiodine-refractory or medullary thyroid cancer. The adrenal function was evaluated during follow-up by performing serum basal ACTH, and basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol.

Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules: An Efficient and Safe Alternative to Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) ablation in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) by applying a modification of the moving-shot technique.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-one BTNs in 46 patients for whom surgery was contraindicated or who refused surgery were treated with RF ablation: 31 had lesion volumes < 20 cm (group A) and 20 had volumes ≥ 20 cm (group B). The solid component percentage of each lesion was assessed, and any present fluid component was aspirated.

Lenvatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of radioiodine refractory, advanced, and progressive thyroid cancer.

Lenvatinib is a small oral molecule able to inhibit three of the extracellular and intracellular molecules involved in the modulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-4, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha. Since it is also able to inhibit the REarranged during Transfection oncogene and the protooncogene , this drug can also be used to control tumor cell proliferation. The maximum tolerated dose, as demonstrated in Phase I studies, is 25 mg daily.

Treatment of advanced thyroid cancer with targeted therapies: ten years of experience.

Thyroid cancer is rare, but it is the most frequent endocrine malignancy. Its prognosis is generally favorable, especially in cases of well-differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs), such as papillary and follicular cancers, which have survival rates of approximately 95% at 40 years. However, 15-20% of cases became radioiodine refractory (RAI-R), and until now, no other treatments have been effective.

Multidetector CT in the evaluation of retroperitoneal fat tissue infiltration in ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: correlation with histopathological findings.

Background: Neoplastic infiltration of the retroportal fat tissue is a critical parameter in tumor staging and in surgical planning because it frequently represents a site of persistence and recurrence of disease.

Method: We evaluated 64 patients affected by ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head/uncinate process, submitted to curative surgery. Suspicion of infiltration (micro or macroinfiltration) of the retroportal margin arose at MDCT in cases of obliteration, irregularity, or abnormal density of the fatty layer localized between the medial surface of the pancreatic head/uncinate process and the mesenteric artery.