Targeted localization of the mother centrosome in CD8 T cells undergoing asymmetric cell division promotes memory formation.

How a single, naive T cell can give rise to diverse progenies of effector and memory cells is not completely understood. One way to achieve this is by asymmetric cell division (ACD), characterized by an unequal distribution of cellular cargo, resulting in divergent daughter cells already after the first division-one being more destined to an effector and the other more to a memory fate. Here, we established two methods to analyze the relative distribution of the older "mother" centrosome and the younger "daughter" centrosome during the first cell division of activated CD8 T cells.

Endoscopic papillectomy versus surgical ampullectomy for adenomas and early cancers of the papilla: a retrospective Pancreas2000/European Pancreatic Club analysis.

Objective: Ampullary neoplastic lesions can be resected by endoscopic papillectomy (EP) or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) while pancreaticoduodenectomy is reserved for more advanced lesions. We present the largest retrospective comparative study analysing EP and TSA.

Design: Of all patients in the database, lesions with prior interventions, benign histology advanced malignancy (T2 and more), patients with hereditary syndromes and those undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were excluded.