The Role of Sex and Gender in Transgender Bone and Other Musculoskeletal Health.

Musculoskeletal changes occur with gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) and gender-affirming surgery (GAS) used in the care of transgender adolescents and adults. Survey results have shown that orthopaedic surgeons desire to care for transgender individuals but express concern over a knowledge deficit. This article reviews the physiology and pathophysiology that may occur with GAHT and GAS.

Science, Scripture, and Sexuality: The US United Methodist Church at Crossroads.

During the past 50 years, medical and behavioral scientists have made great progress in understanding the variables which influence the development of sexual orientation, identity, and consequent behavior. In most instances, homosexuality is influenced by hormonal, genetic, and immunologic variables during fetal development, and the effects cannot usually be altered without consequence. The recent struggle within The United Methodist Church in the USA reflects the difficulty that society in general has with accepting homosexuality as part of the spectrum of sexuality.

Which Drug Next? Sequential Therapy for Osteoporosis.

The proliferation of drugs with unique modes of action for treating osteoporosis has been most welcome. Fear of complications, even though rare, associated with long-term bisphosphonates (BPs) changed prescribing patterns. The BPs are stored in bone for years.

Pelvic fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy - case report.

Long term bisphosphonate use has been associated with "atypical" subtrochanteric and diaphyseal fractures of the femoral shaft. We are reporting a case of pelvic fractures in addition to atypical long bone fractures, in a patient with osteopenia treated with bisphosphonate for 8 years, and teriparatide for 2 years. After 5 years of bisphosphonate therapy the patient suffered an atraumatic fracture of the femoral shaft.

Physician differences in managing postmenopausal osteoporosis: results from the POSSIBLE US™ treatment registry study.

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease that often goes undetected until a fracture occurs. Previous reports indicate that disease diagnosis and care of patients with osteoporosis may vary within the medical community.

Objective: Using data from the POSSIBLE US™ registry (October 2004-December 2009), we evaluated patterns of care for a group of primary care (i.