Developing a universal equation to estimate the mass of dewatered wastewater sludge during biological digestion at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures.

A series of dewaterability tests were conducted on various types of sludges to establish a wholistic relationship between sludge water fractions. Sludge samples were obtained from batch and continuous sludge digesters, which were operated anaerobically and aerobically under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Dewaterability of the sludge samples and the distribution of water fractions were studied using centrifugation and thermal drying.

Impact of treatment chemicals on the morphology and molecular structure of microfibers and microplastic films in wastewater.

This study investigated the impact of commonly used treatment chemicals on the morphology and molecular structure of microfibers (MFs) and microplastic films (MPFs) to determine whether significant changes could occur during wastewater treatment. MFs and MPFs were exposed to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (HO), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH), pH 11), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pH11), and hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH 3) at typical doses and exposure times used at wastewater treatment plants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) were used to examine any morphological or chemical changes after the treatment.

A novel magnetic sludge biochar was prepared by making full use of internal iron in sludge combining KMnO-NaOH modification to enhance the adsorption of Pb (Ⅱ), Cu (Ⅱ) and Cd (Ⅱ).

This study synthesized novel magnetic biochar (PCMN600) by KMnO-NaOH combined modification using iron-containing pharmaceutical sludge to remove toxic metals from wastewater effectively. Various characterization experiments of engineered biochar showed that the modification process introduced ultrafine MnO particles on the carbon surface and resulted in higher BET surface area and porosity along with more oxygen-containing surface functional groups. Batch adsorption studies indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities of PCMN600 for Pb, Cu and Cd were 181.

Solar photocatalytic disinfection of real municipal wastewater using highly durable TiO-coated composite in a pilot scale once through reactor.

Pollution of water sources by pathogens is a significant concern worldwide. In the present study, a pilot-scale once-through reactor was fabricated to investigate bacteria's inactivation and the degradation of organic matter present in municipal wastewater using an iron-mediated TiO catalyst in fixed mode. The catalyst was fabricated (in a spherical shape) using waste material such as foundry sand and fly ash and coated with TiO for a combined hybrid effect.