Prescription versus over-the-counter venotonics: HPLC-DAD and static digestive model simulation comparison.

Background: Venotonics are a class of therapeutically active molecules that have vaso-protective effects. They are used to alleviate venous diseases and disorders, particularly venous insufficiency. We compared the composition of prescription versus over-the-counter (OTC) venotonics using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-DAD) and simulating their digestion using a static digestive model.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Dental Materials TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, ApaCal ART and Biodentine Used in Vital Pulp Therapy: In Vitro Study.

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of selected resin-modified materials used in direct contact with the dental pulp (TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, and ApaCal ART) with calcium silicate cement (Biodentine). (2) Methods: The mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cell line and the extracts of tested materials in four concentrations were used for the testing. An MTT assay was performed in three independent experiments with six replicates for each concentration of tested material.

Alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in Austria: An observational long-term outcome study.

Background/objective: Observational real-world study to analyze the clinical effects of alemtuzumab (ALEM) and subsequent disease-modifying therapy (DMT) usage in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Data retrieved from the Austrian MS treatment registry (AMSTR) included baseline (BL) characteristics (at ALEM start), annualized relapse rate (ARR), 6-month confirmed progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA; ≥ 0.5-point Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score increase), 6-month confirmed disability improvement (CDI; ≥ 0.

CXCL13 as a biomarker in the diagnostics of European lyme Neuroborreliosis - A prospective multicentre study in Austria.

Background: 'Definite Neuroborreliosis (NB)' is diagnosed with the presence of NB-specific symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and an elevated antibody index. However, some diagnostic uncertainties exist. The B-cell chemokine CXCL13 represents an emerging biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of NB because its intrathecal concentration rises prior to the Borrelia antibody index and drops rapidly after antibiotic therapy.

Fluorinated cGAMP analogs, which act as STING agonists and are not cleavable by poxins: Structural basis of their function.

The cGAS-STING pathway is a crucial part of innate immunity; it serves to detect DNA in the cytoplasm and to defend against certain cancers, viruses, and bacteria. We designed and synthesized fluorinated carbocyclic cGAMP analogs, MD1203 and MD1202D (MDs), to enhance their stability and their affinity for STING. These compounds demonstrated exceptional activity against STING.