Substrate-Controlled Bidirectional Pumping by a Bienzymatic Micropump.

The development of autonomous, miniaturized pumps remains a problem of much interest, particularly with a view on microfluidics-based devices with increased portability and simplicity of use by nonspecialists. Spatially localized patches of enzyme imprinted on walls have been shown to induce a hydrodynamic flow when supplied with the corresponding enzyme substrate. Thus, such enzymatic micropumps are seen as a possible way of providing the means for nonmechanical, structurally simple, autonomous pumping.

Dietary contribution of iron from limestone and dicalcium phosphate for broiler chickens.

Iron is routinely supplemented in broiler feeds aiming to prevent dietary deficiencies. Limestone and phosphates are very rich in Fe; however, its contribution from these sources have not been thoroughly investigated with chickens. The present research was conducted to evaluate live performance and blood parameters of broilers when using limestone and dicalcium phosphate as sources of Fe.

Comparison of Two Reciprocating and Anatomical Single File Techniques in Cleaning Oval Anatomies.

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the capability of two single-file shaping systems in disinfecting and cleaning long oval root canals.

Materials And Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth were prepared, contaminated with and divided into two groups. Two samplings were obtained; S1 before chemo-mechanical preparation and S2 after the preparation.

Structure and possible function of a G-quadruplex in the long terminal repeat of the proviral HIV-1 genome.

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the proviral human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 genome is integral to virus transcription and host cell infection. The guanine-rich U3 region within the LTR promoter, previously shown to form G-quadruplex structures, represents an attractive target to inhibit HIV transcription and replication. In this work, we report the structure of a biologically relevant G-quadruplex within the LTR promoter region of HIV-1.