How sensitive are protein hydration shells to electrolyte concentration and protein composition?

Proteins of obligate halophilic organisms have an unusually high number of acidic amino acids, thought to enable them to function in multimolar KCl environments. Clarifying the molecular scale mechanisms by which this occurs is relevant for biotechnology, to enable enzymatic synthesis of economically important small molecules in salty environments and other environments with low water activity. Previous studies have suggested that acidic amino acids are necessary at high salt concentration to keep the proteins hydrated by competing with the ions in solution for available water (the "solvent-only" model).

Insight on novel oxindole conjugates adopting different anti-inflammatory investigations and quantitative evaluation.

A dual COX/5-LOX strategy was adopted to develop new oxindole derivatives with superior anti-inflammatory activity. Three series of oxindoles - esters -, - and imines - - were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Molecular docking and predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were done for the most active compounds.

Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays: Biochemical elements and cellular compartments.

Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays play a crucial role in drug screening and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of various chemicals. The quantification of cell viability and proliferation serves as the cornerstone for numerous in vitro assays that assess cellular responses to external factors. In the last decade, several studies have developed guidelines for defining and interpreting cell viability and cytotoxicity based on morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives.

Health transformation toward universal healthcare coverage amidst conflict: examining the impact of international cooperation in Niger.

Background: Approximately 70% of Sub-Saharan African countries have experienced armed conflicts with significant battle-related fatalities in the past two decades. Niger has witnessed a substantial rise in conflict-affected populations in recent years. In response, international cooperation has aimed to support health transformation in Niger's conflict zones and other conflict-affected areas in Sub-Saharan Africa.