An optimized strategy triggered at the 2nd immunization visit to prevent HIV acquisition by breastfeeding: a phase 2 trial in Burkina Faso (PREVENIR-PEV).

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A prevention package was initiated during the highly attended 2nd visit of the Expanded Program of Immunisation (EPI-2) to identify the undiagnosed infants living with HIV and reduce the postnatal transmission of infant exposed to HIV.

Methods: PREVENIR-PEV is a non-randomized phase II clinical trial conducted at two health centres in Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at the second immunization visit: a cross-sectional study, Burkina Faso.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the cascade of activities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the second immunization visit in Burkina Faso.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we recruited mothers attending the second immunization visit for their infant in 20 health centres of Bobo-Dioulasso city, Burkina Faso over 12 months (2019-2020). We administered a short questionnaire to 14 176 mothers and performed HIV serological tests on mothers who had not been tested in the last 3 months.

Functions to Regulate Inflammation in Alveolar Macrophages during Acute Lung Injury.

Our respiratory system is vital to protect us from the surrounding nonsterile environment; therefore, it is critical for a state of homeostasis to be maintained through a balance of inflammatory cues. Recent studies have shown that actively transcribed noncoding regions of the genome are emerging as key regulators of biological processes, including inflammation. is one such example of an inflammatory inducible long intergenic noncoding RNA functioning to fine-tune immune gene expression.

Design and challenges of a large HIV prevention clinical study on mother-to-child transmission: ANRS 12397 PROMISE-EPI study in Zambia and Burkina Faso.

Post-natal HIV infection through breastfeeding remains a challenge in many low and middle-income countries, particularly due to non-availability of alternative infant feeding options and the suboptimal Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV-1 (PMTCT) cascade implementation and monitoring. The PROMISE-EPI study aims to address the latter by identifying HIV infected mothers during an almost never-missed visit for their infant, the second extended program on immunization visit at 6-8 weeks of age (EPI-2). The study is divided into 3 components inclusive of an open-label randomized controlled trial aiming to assess the efficacy of a responsive preventive intervention compared to routine intervention based on the national PMTCT guidelines for HIV-1 uninfected exposed breastfeeding infants.

Eliminating postnatal HIV transmission in high incidence areas: need for complementary biomedical interventions.

The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV from breastfeeding is increasing relative to other causes of MTCT. Early effective preconception and antenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces intrauterine and intrapartum MTCT, whereas maternal post-partum HIV acquisition, untreated maternal HIV, and suboptimal postnatal maternal ART adherence increase the risk of MTCT through breastfeeding. Although the absolute number of cases of MTCT acquired through breastfeeding is decreasing, the rate of decrease is less than the decrease in intrauterine and intrapartum MTCT.