Social defeat predicts the emergence of psychotic-like experiences through the effects on aberrant salience: insights from a network analysis of longitudinal data.

Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are subclinical phenomena that often precede the onset of psychosis and occur in various mental disorders. Social determinants of psychosis and PLEs are important and have been operationalized within the social defeat (SD) hypothesis. The SD hypothesis posits that low social status and exposure to repeated humiliation can lead to imbalanced dopamine neuron activity, and thus increased risk of psychosis.

Psychotic-like Experiences and Underlying Mechanisms: An Integrative Model of ADHD Symptoms, Rumination, Negative Affect, and Trauma Experience.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are low-intensity subclinical phenomena, often transient in nature. The etiology of PLEs primarily involves neurodevelopmental changes, trauma exposure, and maladaptive coping styles. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered to be one of the factors that increase the risk of future psychosis.

Blunted Cortisol Awakening Response Is Associated with External Attribution Bias Among Individuals with Personality Disorders.

Background/objectives: The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been associated with various mental disorders. One of the most commonly described parameters of HPA axis functioning is the cortisol awakening response (CAR). To date, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between personality disorders and CAR.

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia during hospitalisation - the case-control, post hoc study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) by comparing 36 inpatients with these conditions to 29 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Individuals with SCZ exhibited greater microbiota richness compared to HC (FDR P(Q)=0.028).