Where do we come from? Where are we going?

The aim of the present paper was to re-analyze the scientific nature of our profession and to attract the focus of the orthodontist to problems and controversies within the development of the orthodontic profession over the past century. The controversy related to the application of the same words used differently within bone biology and orthodontics; the definition of the treatment goal based on perception of beauty; the trend to focus on efficacy and marketing more than on treatment of the individual patients; and the isolation of the effect of the orthodontic appliance from growth and function and the lack of understanding the word "stability" are analyzed from a critical stand point.

Impact of Treatment with Full-fixed Orthodontic Appliances on the Periodontium and the Composition of the Subgingival Microbiota.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of fullfixed orthodontic appliances on the periodontium in adult patients.

Methods: Seventeen periodontally and systemically healthy subjects were selected from the Periodontal Clinic of Guarulhos University, 7 males and 10 females (mean age: 38.3 ± 6.

Incorrect measurements and misleading conclusions in the article "Comparison of the efficacy of tooth alignment among lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study".

Background/objective: To reproduce the methods and results of the study by Alobeid et al. (2018) in which the efficacy of tooth alignment using conventional labial and lingual orthodontic bracket systems was assessed.

Materials/methods: We used the identical experimental protocol and tested (i) regular twin bracket (GAC-Twin [Dentsply]) and lingual twin bracket systems (Incognito [3M]), (ii) together with NiTi 0.