A Model of Prefilled Syringes Exposure to Vapor Phase Hydrogen Peroxide (VPHP).

A model was developed that can be used to predict how hydrogen peroxide (HO) transfers into a liquid drug product that is exposed to vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP). This model accounts for fluid flow in both the gas and liquid phases as well as the diffusion and convection mechanisms of mass transfer using the first principles of engineering to predict the amount of HO that will transfer from the gas to the liquid phase considering a given geometrical system and surrounding conditions. The model was used to investigate how much space is needed in a given container to eliminate convective mass transfer and to create a balance between mass transfer and the air/liquid interface for oxidation-sensitive products in cartridges or vials being filled in an isolator.

Severe macroglossia after posterior fossa and craniofacial surgery in children.

Massive swelling of the tongue can occur after posterior fossa and craniofacial surgery. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the occurrence of such severe postoperative macroglossia, but this phenomenon is still poorly understood. Severe postoperative macroglossia can be a life-threatening condition due to upper airway obstruction.

Differential accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat: no role for phytochelatins.

Certain cultivars of some crops, including durum wheat ( Desf.), have a propensity to accumulate cadmium in the grain. In the 1980s, a Canadian wheat breeding program generated five pairs of near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that vary in cadmium-accumulation.

Repellent and Attractive Effects of α-, β-, and Dihydro-β- Ionone to Generalist and Specialist Herbivores.

In plants, the oxidative cleavage of carotenoid substrates produces volatile apocarotenoids, including α-ionone, β-ionone, and dihydro-β-ionone, compounds that are important in herbivore-plant communication. For example, β-ionone is part of an induced defense in canola, Brassica napus, and is released following wounding by herbivores. The objectives of the research were to evaluate whether these volatile compounds would: 1) be released in higher quantities from plants through the over-expression of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase1 (CCD1) gene and 2) cause herbivores to be repelled or attracted to over-expressing plants relative to the wild-type.