Epidural steroid injection technique.

An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a minimally invasive, image guided procedure for the treatment of back pain. Pain originating in the lumbar spine is the most common referral for ESI but the entire spine may be targeted. ESI can provide temporary but meaningful relief for patients who may have failed conservative management with oral analgesics and physical therapy.

Portal Interventions in the Setting of Venous Thrombosis or Occlusion.

Portal vein thrombosis most commonly occurs as a complication of liver cirrhosis and can result in worsening symptoms of portal hypertension, which often can be challenging to treat with conventional decompression therapies. In addition, because complete portal vein thrombosis is associated with higher posttransplant morbidity and mortality, it is regarded as a relative contraindication to liver transplant. Often, the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis is incidental; hence, imaging remains the mainstay for diagnosing this complication and is used to guide subsequent treatment.