CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing reveals that the Pgs gene of Fusarium circinatum is involved in pathogenicity, growth and sporulation.

Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, is one of the most destructive pathogens of Pinus species worldwide. Infections by this pathogen result in serious mortality of seedlings due to root and root collar disease, and growth reduction in trees due to canker formation and dieback. Although much is known about the population biology, genetics, and genomics of F.

Likelihood Systems Can Improve Hit Rates in Low-Prevalence Visual Search Over Binary Systems.

Objective: To study the performance consequences of binary versus likelihood decision support systems in low-prevalence visual search.

Background: Hit rates in visual search are often low if target prevalence is low, an issue that is relevant for numerous real-world visual search tasks (e.g.

A meta-analytic review of cognitive processing therapy with and without the written account.

There are two versions of the Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) protocol: one that includes a trauma narrative and one that does not. Despite both versions being used in clinical practice, to date, there has not been a comprehensive comparison of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes associated with these two protocols. The current study is a meta-analytic review of 29 randomized controlled trials of CPT+A (k = 13) and CPT-C (k = 16) in which we investigated whether there are differences in treatment outcome effect sizes and treatment dropout between the two protocol versions.