Intestinal insulin/IGF1 signalling through FoxO1 regulates epithelial integrity and susceptibility to colon cancer.

Obesity promotes the development of insulin resistance and increases the incidence of colitis-associated cancer (CAC), but whether a blunted insulin action specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) affects CAC is unknown. Here, we show that obesity impairs insulin sensitivity in IECs and that mice with IEC-specific inactivation of the insulin and IGF1 receptors exhibit enhanced CAC development as a consequence of impaired restoration of gut barrier function. Blunted insulin signalling retains the transcription factor FOXO1 in the nucleus to inhibit expression of Dsc3, thereby impairing desmosome formation and epithelial integrity.

Cuticle Ultrastructure of Criconemella curvata and Criconemella sphaerocephala (Nemata: Criconematidae).

Cuticle ultrastructure of Criconemella curvata and C. sphaerocephala females is presented; males were available only in the second species. Ultrathin sections revealed three major zones: cortical, median, and basal.

[Analysis of the protein pattern in physiologic and pathologic vitreous bodies by electrophoresis and immunologic identification].

The protein composition of normal and pathological human vitreous was analyzed using gradient SDS-PAGE and western blot. By electroblotting and immunodetection, the presence of ten proteins was proven in the normal vitreous. The major proteins included: albumin, transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and immunoglobulin G.