Tipifarnib in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Mutations.

Purpose: Mutations in the (m) proto-oncogene occur in 4%-8% of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tipifarnib is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor that disrupts function. We evaluated the efficacy of tipifarnib in patients with R/M m HNSCC.

Surface periarterial spaces of the mouse brain are open, not porous.

Fluid-dynamic models of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain have treated the perivascular spaces either as open (without internal solid obstacles) or as porous. Here, we present experimental evidence that pial (surface) periarterial spaces in mice are essentially open. (1) Paths of particles in the perivascular spaces are smooth, as expected for viscous flow in an open vessel, not diffusive, as expected for flow in a porous medium.

Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking Among Sociodemographic Groups.

We examined variations in cigarette smoking by socioeconomic status (education and poverty status) in relation to population sociodemographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, region and sex). We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of US adults by using combined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2011-2014). Low socioeconomic status was generally associated with increased cigarette smoking prevalence by age, race/ethnicity, and region, irrespective of sex.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a novel progesterone intravaginal ring in sheep.

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics and local tolerability of a novel, segmented ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) intravaginal ring (IVR) delivering progesterone (P) in drug-naïve ovariectomized female Dorset crossbred sheep. Following preparation and assessment of in vitro release of P, animals were randomized into one of six treatment groups: group 1 Crinone® 8% gel (90 mg); group 2 Prometrium® 200-mg capsules; group 3 placebo IVR; group 4 progesterone (P) IVR 4 mg/day; group 5 P IVR 8 mg/day; or group 6 P IVR 12 mg/day. Crinone 8% gel and Prometrium capsules were administered once daily for 28 days.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of a Novel 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone Intravaginal Ring in Sheep.

This study reports the preparation, in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and local tolerability of novel ethylene-vinyl acetate intravaginal rings (IVRs) delivering 17β-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), in drug-naïve ovariectomized female Dorset crossbred sheep. After preparation and assessment of in vitro release of E and P, animals were randomized to treatment groups 1 or 2 (comparator rings releasing 50 or 100 μg/d E, respectively), groups 3 or 4 (ethylene-vinyl acetate IVRs, 160 μg/d E with 4 [160/4 IVR] or 8 mg/d P [160/8 IVR], respectively), or group 5 (160 μg E and 10 mg P administered intravenously). IVRs were placed on day 1 and remained in place through day 29.