Mannose-binding lectin is a component of innate mucosal defense against Cryptosporidium parvum in AIDS.

Background & Aims: Nonimmune mechanisms of mucosal defense seem to be biologically important and might explain the observed variability in the course of enteric infection in immunodeficiency. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is associated with persistent diarrhea in children. We found that genetic determinants of MBL deficiency appear to predispose to cryptosporidiosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and went on to study interactions of MBL and complement on Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites.

Enteropathy in Zambians with HIV related diarrhoea: regression modelling of potential determinants of mucosal damage.

Background: AIDS is characterised by small intestinal mucosal damage, but its aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Enteric infections in Africa differ from those in northern countries, where protozoan infections have been associated with severe enteropathy in AIDS patients.

Aims: To characterise enteropathy in Zambian AIDS patients compared with local controls, and to assess relative contributions of enteric infection, nutritional impairment, and immune dysfunction.

Systemic immune activation as a potential determinant of wasting in Zambians with HIV-related diarrhoea.

Wasting in African AIDS patients is severe, and its aetiology is probably multifactorial: persistent diarrhoea, poverty and tuberculosis may all contribute. We report a cross-sectional study of body composition measured anthropometrically in 75 adult patients with HIV-related persistent diarrhoea in Lusaka, and its relationship to gastrointestinal infection and systemic immune activation assessed using serum neopterin and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-R55) concentrations. Patients as a group were generally severely wasted (mean body mass index (BMI) 15.